ON THE ORIGIN OF COAL. 17 1 



the force had acted throughout several laminae of 

 the stone. 



In the lower bed of flags near Todmorden, I 

 I have met with a specimen of fine grained sand- 

 stone, shewing several distinct casts of a small 

 Annelide, described in plate II. fig. 1. And in 

 a nodule of ironstone, presented to me by Mr. 

 Francis Looney, F.G.S., found in one of the 

 Bent mines, at Oldham, there is a beautiful 

 impression of a long-tailed crustacean, resem- 

 bling the Limulus trilohitoides. (See plate II. 

 figure 2.) 



The remains of fishes and shells give further 

 evidence of the presence of water. 



As before stated, it is from the remains of 

 plants that dry land has been supposed to have 

 existed during the carboniferous epoch. Such 

 large trees as Sigillarise, Ulodendra, Lepide- 

 dendra, and many other fossil remains, were 

 considered to have grown on an insular spot ; 

 and it has been plausibly argued that hard 

 wooded trees, like the genera Pinites and 

 Pitus of Witham, were located on higher and 

 drier grounds, while the numerous remains of 



