AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. 219 



elevated lands of Kersal and Broughton on the 

 one side, and those of Pendleton on the other, 

 composed of Nos. 2 and 3 — and through the rising 

 grounds of Manchester and Salford, composed of 

 Nos. 3 and 4, into the upper new red sandstone 

 rock ; and that the latter has afterwards been, more 

 or less, covered by No. 1, which extends over 

 nearly the whole of Hulme, and the lower south- 

 west portion of Salford. 



The valley of the Irk between Crumpsall and 

 Harpurhey, is cut through Nos. 2 and 3, into 

 red sandstone, and between Collyhurst and Smed- 

 ley into the coal-measures ; and in Newtown 

 and Cheetham, through No. 3, into the new red 

 sandstone formation. As it enters Manchester 

 by Long Millgate, to its junction with the valley 

 of the Irwell, its sides towards the south and 

 south-east, are composed of No. 1. Portions of 

 this deposit are also met with in small patches in 

 its northern part, below Crumpsall ; but the main 

 portion of the valley, as it approaches Manchester 

 is almost without it. This is perhaps owing to 

 the valley passing through hard rocks, and being 

 so narrow as to form a gut, which would contract 

 the currents of water that formerly flowed in it, 



