of the Cotton Trade. 121 
In following up these important improve- 
ments, it was found that rotatory motion 
might be applied with advantage to almost all 
the new machines, and the turning of these 
separate machines by hand required, as they 
were multiplied, a great expenditure of hu- 
man labour. 
The next grand step, in the extension of 
the manufacture, was the application of the 
power of horses to this purpose. But this 
also soon found its limits, and water-falls were 
resorted to. 
About this time the ingenious and enter- 
prising manufacturer had to encounter the 
opposition of inveterate prejudices, and mis- 
taken notions, in the higher, as well as in 
the lower ranks of society. The latter, un- 
der the apprehension of being deprived of 
their means of subsistence, broke out into the 
most outrageous excesses ; wantonly destroying 
the machines, and threatening the lives of the 
inventors. The former, dreading the increase 
of poor-rates, took measures to prevent the 
extension, through the country, of the new 
methods of shortening labour. The excesses 
of the one, however, were repressed by the 
civil power; and the prejudices of the other 
were abated by the example of some intelli- 
gent men of landed property, who saw the 
VOL. IIL, Q 
