124 On the Rise and Progress 
This created a new demand for artificers in 
various branches, and these men felt their in- 
terest likewise in the encreasing manufactures. 
The artificers also improved rapidly in their 
respective branches and became very useful 
in the construction of machinery. 
With the advance of wages their dissipa- 
tion encreased; yet, with their encreased dex- 
terity, the produce of their labour was much 
greater in the same time, and much better in 
quality, than formerly. By degrees, a higher 
class of mechianics, such as watch and clock- 
makers, white-smiths, and mathematical in- 
strument-makers began 'to be wanted; and, in 
a short time, a wide field was opened for the 
application of their more accurate and scien- 
tific mechanism. 'These workmen were first 
chiefly employed in constructing the valuable 
machines invented by Mr. Arkwright. A des- 
cription of these machines would extend this 
paper beyond my present intention. It is 
but justice however to observe, that Mr. Ark- 
wright’s inventions introduced principles en- 
tirely new, into both carding and spinning 
(now commonly called perpetual carding and 
spinning), by first disengaging, then laying, 
the fibres of the cotton parallel to each other, 
and disposing them much more uniformly in 
the thread than it was possible'to dispose them 
