of the Cotton Trade. 127 
In the year 1780, a new and valuable ma- 
chine appeared, called, at that time, the Hail- 
in-the-Wood machine, from the name of the 
place where the inventor, Mr. Samuel Cromp- 
ton lived, near Bolton in Lancashire. It is 
now called the mule, from its uniting the prin- 
ciples of Mr, Hargreave’s jenny, and Mr. Ark- 
wright’s water frame. T'his machine, by pro- 
ducing, at a small expence, much finer and 
softer yarn than any that had ever been seen 
before, gave birth to a new and most exten- 
sive trade. Themule commenced much like 
the jenny, and its operations were carried on 
for many years in the country, and in private 
families, but without the benefit of Mr. Ark- 
wright’s patent machinery for carding and 
roving, which required constant and regular 
motion. 
The want of regular power, and of the 
skilful mechanics already mentioned, soon 
brought the mules to the neighbourhood of 
towns ; and about this time (1790) Mr. Watt’s 
steam-engine began to be understood and in- 
troduced into thispart of the kingdom, and it 
was applied to the turning of these various 
machines. In consequence of this, water- 
falls became of less value ; and instead of car- 
rying the people to the power, it was found 
