Summer Birds of Passage. 463 
The twite (Fringilla montium) breeds on the - 
hills of Yorkshire and Westmoreland, but 
does not remain all the year in its summer 
habitation. For twites congregate in mul- 
titudes about the beginning of October and 
disappear; but large flocks of them are 
seen at that time, or not long after, in the 
south of England. 'Thus are the two retreats 
of this migrating finch pretty well ascertained. 
But the same cannot be generally affirmed of 
those birds which retire from Britain in au- 
tumn. ‘The swallow, however, is now known 
to winter in different parts of Africa; and, in 
all probability, fature observers will discover 
the southern retreats of the other migrating 
species partly on the same continent, and 
partly in the warmer countries of Europe or 
in the corresponding districts of Asia. The 
last opinion must be received as a conjecture, 
but it has the recommendation of being pro- 
bable; because those birds which return 
hither about the time of the vernal equinox, 
may be expected to pick up a livelihood near 
home during the preceding months, without 
accompanying the swallow to the mouth of the 
Seneyal, in the 16th degree of north latitude. 
Finally we may conclude, apparently with 
safety, that no bird retires in autumn farther 
from its summer residence than necessity 
