IMPRESSIONS OF FORESTRY IN THE SCHWARZWAI D. I 59 



23. Impressions of Forestry in the Schwarzwald. 



( With Txvo Plates.) 



By J. F. Annand. 



The writer of the following notes, having been fortunate 

 enough, through the kind recommendations of Dr Schlich and 

 Dr Somerville, to obtain admission to an admirable course of 

 lectures under Herr Oberforster Philipp of Sulzburg, Baden, had 

 subsequently the privilege of spending a part of last summer in 

 the forest, under the tuition of that distinguished forest officer. 

 Herr Karl Philipp's name is well known to many American 

 foresters and British colonial forest officers, who have received 

 much of their practical training under him. In addition to 

 some German forestry students, the party receiving instruction 

 last summer included two forest conservators from British 

 colonies and the present writer. The comprehensive scheme 

 of study taken up under Herr Philipp's guidance embraced such 

 special subjects as methods of forest valuation, the construction 

 of yield-tables, the preparation of working-plans, etc., but it is 

 not proposed here to trouble the readers of the Trafisactwns with 

 minute particulars of such matters. Rather is it the writer's 

 aim to give only such details of the silviculture, and such of his 

 general impressions of the forestry systems practised in South 

 Germany, as are likely to be of special interest to those con- 

 cerned with the forestry problems of this country. 



Systems of Silviculture. 



More than a third of the whole area of the Duchy of Baden is 

 covered with forest, largely State property, but partly owned also 

 by communes or townships, and partly by private individuals. 



The tree most largely cultivated is the silver fir, along with 

 which there is in some regions a proportion of beech. The 

 latter, however, in the higher altitudes, gives place to spruce. 



On the lower mountain slopes, in good deep soils with a 

 considerable proportion of lime in their composition, oak and 

 beech are cultivated. But as the better soils are, as a rule, 

 more profitably used for agricultural (or viticultural) rather than 

 for forestal purposes, the area under broad-leaved species is now 

 small, and is not likely to increase. 



On the plains in the Rhine Valley, coppice and coppice-with- 



