1 86 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



cultivation on a large scale, and the younger forests were 

 described as very fine. During the revision of 1818, the first 

 practical foundation was laid to the present financial theory, 

 by reducing the rotation of the Scots pine on bad soil. The 

 income in 1818 amounted to about _;^i5oo. 



The revision was still based on volume (Hartig's method) ; the 

 output was raised by nearly 40 per cent., and as gradual growth 

 of the yield was foreseen, it was provided that any surplus 

 above the average estimate might be utilised. These accumula- 

 tions amounted during the next twelve years to about 20 per 

 cent, of the original estimate, and fears were entertained that 

 the forest might be worked above its constant productiveness. 

 An intermediate revision was therefore ordered in 1831. This 

 was to be based on the summary of average increments, a method 

 which, at that time, had taken the fancy of the authorities, and 

 was employed in all Prussian State forests, under the name 

 " Superficielle." The annual output was again reduced to the 

 original estimate of 1818, and this was maintained till 1838. 

 The next regular revision took place in 1838-39, and was this 

 time based on a combination of volume and area. The annual 

 output was again slightly reduced for a time, because the area 

 of fully ripe forest then in evidence seemed insufficient. The 

 next regular revision of 1858-59 moved on the same lines as 

 the last one ; the annual outturn was not increased, because it 

 was at that time considered to be the duty of the State to grow 

 timber of large dimensions, even at a sacrifice of money. The 

 forest school at Eberswalde was founded in 1830, and the maps 

 produced with the revision of 1850 were based on detail surveys 

 made by the academy. 



The next regular revision of the working-plan (1878-79) was 

 conducted by Dr Dankelmann, the then director of the academy, 

 and Oberforster - Candidate Riebel, a future director. This 

 revision was marked by far-reaching changes. 



The administrative management of the Biesenthal Forest 

 had, in consequence of the increasing intensity of the treatment 

 of individual areas, outgrown the capacity of one officer, and 

 the forest was therefore split up into two divisions (Eberswalde 

 and Biesenthal). The forest, with the exception of certain areas 

 in the vicinity of the academy, was divided into regular high- 

 forest blocks, each being subdivided into 120 compartments, of, 

 as far as conditions of soil, forest growth, etc., permitted, equal 



