CONTINENTAL NOTES FRANCE. 53 



noted that evidence is constantly accumulating to point to the 

 fact that the Austrian and Corsican pines are specially adapted 

 for an exposed, steep, chalk slope. 



9. M. Jolyet, who has charge of the Arboretum at Nancy, in 

 the east of France, gives his observations on the behaviour of a 

 number of exotics. Nancy lies about 49° N. latitude and 6' E. 

 longitude, and being well inland has a distinctly hot summer 

 and a very severe winter. The writer of these notes has known 

 temperatures of 14° below zero Fahrenheit there, and months 

 of intense cold. M. Jolyet says at the start that his observa- 

 tions are taken from plantations that are as yet quite recent, 

 but still the results are interesting. Among conifers, the 

 Douglas, Abies concolor and Abies Nordmatiniana have grown 

 admirably, while the Japanese larch has made an extraordinarily 

 rapid growth. Thuya gigantea in a good soil stood drought 

 well ; Thuya Mertensiana, ChamcBcyparis obtusa, and Lawsojiiana 

 also did well. The deodar and Picea Morinda suffered 'to the 

 extent of becoming " fatigued " by the great cold, and this 

 is perhaps not surprising when we find that the thermometer 

 dropped to 11° Fahrenheit. Both are Himalayan species, 

 ascending to some 10,000 feet above sea -level, and are 

 accustomed to frost and snow, but not to such a very low 

 thermometer. Among broad - leaved species Quercus rubra, 

 Betula lenta and B. papyracea, and Liriodendron tulipifera did 

 well, but not, oddly enough, Juglans nigra. This Aboretum was 

 made on land occupied by coppice-with-standards, and M. 

 Jolyet cut away the coppice, leaving numerous standards. He 

 found the oak standards did no harm, while where the coppice 

 had shot again he found his neighbouring exotics did well, 

 and he believes that the indications are that when we plant 

 exotics the best places are the blanks in a coppice three to 

 five years old, or those of an open high-forest. It should be 

 remembered, I may add, that exotics like larch must have 

 a great deal of room when planted in an already established 

 wood — a small blank will not suffice, and this is an important 

 point, for it seems certain that the mixture of conifers and, 

 say, beech is excellent for the growth of the former, and that 

 we shall do better to adopt this method rather than plant the 

 conifers pure. 



10. M. HuflFel has a note on the wonderful oaks in Spessart, 

 Bavaria. The forest, of which half belongs to the State, is 



