58 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTl'ISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



considered extravagant for natural regeneration in some other 

 countries. An abundant crop results ; on the average, one 

 hundred seedlings springing up on each square yard, i.e., 484,000 

 plants per acre ! The removal of the " mother-trees " extends 

 over the short period of six years; vacancies occurring where 

 old "shelter-trees" were left temporarily are filled in with 

 Japanese larch. Young plants of ash, which make their appear- 

 ance mixed singly with the beech, are cut down at once, as 

 Danish foresters prefer to have this species in pure groups only. 

 It was interesting to notice in this forest how trees, which had 

 been isolated for a lengthened period, not only did not grow well, 

 but actually died in large numbers. This was evident in the 

 case of beech, but was particularly noticeable in all spruce 

 woods. The fungus Hysterium macrospormn was, however, 

 stated to have hastened the death of the latter. 



On the island of Langeland privately owned woods were 

 visited at Lohals and Tranekiger. Some good beech woods 

 were seen, many of the individual trees being 120 feet high, 

 with clean boles to half that height. The yield in some cases 

 had amounted to 5600 cubic feet (English measurement) per 

 acre at 120 years of age, or 46^ cubic feet per acre per annum. 

 Beech timber in Denmark has a value of about gd. per "cubic 

 foot. Ash was also observed to be growing well, and even 

 the walnut, though not used as a forest tree, occurred here and 

 there. An arboretum belonging to Count Ahlefeldt was also 

 viewed with interest by the visitors. Willows are cultivated 

 on this island with success ; these for the most part are cut 

 annually, but a portion is allowed to grow for three years, in 

 order that basket-traps and chairs may be made from the 

 material. Spraying with a solution of copper sulphate is 

 necessary in order to prevent serious damage by "rust" on 

 the leaves. The yield of willow-produce from 2\ acres generally 

 amounts to about 20 tons. Before leaving Lohals, a small 

 but typical Danish saw-mill was inspected. Here the beech 

 timber is converted into staves for butter casks, for which there 

 is a large demand. 



At Thureby, on the island of Zealand, a property belonging 

 to Count Moltke was visited. The estate is a large one, and 

 there are no less than 4000 acres of forest. Pure oak woods 

 are being established in place of the beech, which was formerly 

 the principal species. Acorns brought from the south of 

 Denmark are thickly sown in cultivated strips, which are 4 feet 



