6o TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



(particularly the field-vole, Arvicola agrestis) are certainly a very 

 serious pest in Denmark. The little plants when bunched 

 together rub against each other, and the fungus Nectria cinfia- 

 barina gains an entrance at the wounds. The cost, too, is 

 great, as the method requires such a large quantity of seed 

 and nursery ground. Sometimes, however, seedlings from the 

 woods are used. 



To show what an important place beech occupies in Danish 

 forestry, it may be pointed out that 240,000 acres are covered 

 by this species. The tree which comes next to it in this respect 

 is the common spruce, which occupies 125,000 acres, and it 

 will surprise many to hear that the mountain pine fills the 

 third most important place, occurring upon 75,000 acres. Herr 

 Mundt tells me that the annual yield from all the forests of 

 Denmark amounts to about 30,000,000 cubic feet (English 

 measurement), and that 10,000,000 cubic feet of this is timber 

 of large size. A privately owned forest called BerahetroUeborg 

 claims to have the largest annual yield in timber, the woods 

 being said to produce 70 quarter-girth cubic feet per acre per 

 year. There are 4000 -acres of this forest, and its principal 

 species is beech. 



A society called the Hedeselskabet, or Heath Association, 

 appears to do much for the advancement of forestry in Denmark, 

 although its operations are not by any means limited to tree- 

 planting, for it aids farmers in the reclamation of peat-lands, 

 constructs light railways, and carries out other improvements. 

 Government acts through it in assisting private landowners, 

 as much as 25 per cent, of the cost of formation being paid 

 in certain cases, conditionally on the land remaining per- 

 manently under forest, and being subject to occasional inspection 

 as regards the efficiency of the management. In one year this 

 society distributed free of cost as many as 13,000,000 plants 

 in order to encourage a more general interest in tree-planting. 

 From a note kindly given to me by Herr Mundt, the owner- 

 ship of the forests in Denmark is approximately as follows : — 



Woods privately owned, ... 63 per cent. 



Woods belonging to the State, . . 20 ,, 

 Protection forests (principally situated 



on the west coast of Jutland), . 7 „ 



Woods held by societies, corporations, 



and communes, .... 10 ,, 



