FORESTRY EXHIBITION AT THE NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE SHOW. 95 



already mentioned, two exhibits by the Duke of Northumberland 

 may be mentioned. One was — 



" Exhibit illustrating process of Creosoting: 



(a) Samples of Creosote Oil and its definition. 



(l>) Methods of application to wood. 



(r) Structure and constituents of wood, 



(d) Advantages of the application of Creosote." 



The Duke of Northumberland also exhibited a plot divided 

 into sections, demonstrating the " Progressive Stages of a Pure 

 Scots Pine Wood." 



As this exhibit was very much admired, it may be well to 

 give the following description, which is a copy of the printed 

 instructions placed on the respective plots : — 



No. I. This plot represents typical moorland soil after first 

 year's planting. 2-yrs.-2-yrs. plants are used, and planted by 

 careful notching. 



No. 2. This plot shows the plantation at 13 years old. In 

 this case good "canopy," or covering, the result of thick 

 planting, has been attained, and the rough herbage is being 

 converted into humus. 



No. 3. This plot shows the plantation at 25 years old. In 

 this case the treatment has simply been thinning by cutting out 

 the dead and heavily suppressed trees, and pruning the dead 

 branches off the stems up to 7 or 8 feet in height, at a cost of 

 17s. per acre. Thus branch suppression, which is essential for 

 producing good timber, and the protection of the soil against 

 the consumption of nutriment by noxious grasses and weeds, 

 together with the prevention of evaporation of essential moisture 

 in the soil, have been maintained by the close overhead canopy. 



No. 4. This plot shows the average thickness of stems at 

 50 years of age. In this case the heather is reappearing on 

 the soil in consequence of overhead canopy being too much 

 broken. In a pure Scots pine wood the leaf-canopy cannot 

 well be maintained from 25 years old to 50 years of age. To 

 attempt doing so would be to carry the pole-stage too far, and 

 produce a crop of poles. 



Up to 25 years old the trees must be considered collectively; 

 after 25 years, the trees must receive a certain amount of 

 judicious individual consideration. 



No. 5. Photographs showing the felling of the final crop, 

 and the manufacture of the timber on the spot. 



