USE AND ORIGIN OF SURNAMES. 35 
which are borrowed from natural objects of va- 
rious kinds, both generic and specific, animate and 
inanimate. These are so numerous as to admit of 
an imperfect classification :—Mountain—Snow- 
don; Mill—Brownhill, Brickhill; Forest—Dean, 
Sherwood; Lake—Winder, Derwentwater ; 
Grove, equivalent to hurst and wood—Musgrove, 
Hazlehurst, Hazlewood; Rivers—Mersey, Severn, 
Medlock ; Brook—Braybrook ; Field—F airfield, 
Greenfield ; Tree—Ash, Birch, Pine ; Flower 
—Rose, Lilly, Pink ; Animal, (itself not a sur- 
name, but)—Bull, Fox, Hare, Lion, Lamb, 
Wolfe ; Bird—Swallow, Wren, Sparrow, Rook, 
Crow, Finch, with many more ; Fish— Salmon, 
Roach, Pike, Herring, Crabbe, Dace, Chubb, &c. 
Most of the following, not inserted here method- 
ically, are appropriated to form surnames, both in 
a simple and compound state :—F'ountain, Moor, 
Church, Heath, Kirk, Booth, Bell, Wain, Mead- 
ows, Way, Lane, Rock, Stone, Bush, Cave, 
Clay, Snow, Hay, Den, Horn, Street, Hall, 
Hli, Butter, Child, Man, Box, Steel, Moon, 
Winter, with a great many besides. Why the 
common names of such objects were chosen as 
surnames, it is difficult to say, but the choice was 
evidently made without much fastidiousness ; and 
for that reason we conclude, that they were chiefly 
