458 A DISSERTATION ON THE 
collective nouns and adjectives, from which class 
of words none of the names are compounded. 
We have already stated, that the old Norse 
and old Danish languages supply substantives 
with the termination ing, but that such substan- 
tives or nouns so ending, were not patronymics, 
or at the period referred to, used as patronymics, 
as the case is in the Anglo-Saxon. And as the 
Danes, during their Northumbrian sway, and sub- 
sequently, formed many settlements in the coun- 
ties which we have just referred to, Danish names 
of such settlements, must therein abound. Bye, 
or as a suffix by, we have already considered as 
of Danish origin: and if we look over the names 
of places and districts in Westmoreland and Cum- 
berland, we shall not find them rare but common, 
almost everywhere, witness: Harraby, Upperby, 
Moresby, Ponsonby, Netherby, Easby, Lamonby, 
and scores beside in Cumberland. In Westmore- 
land, Appleby, Colby, Waitby, Nateby, Soulby, 
and soon. While in Lancashire, there is Horn- 
by,the strong hold of the Danes, in their occupa- 
tion of the beautiful vale of the Lune, Crosby, 
and Formby, on the coast of the county: while in 
the interior, such names are scarcely, if at all, to 
be met with. Also in Lancashire, north of the 
