OF MODERN CORPORATIONS. 6 
uo 
It was not without resistance on the part of 
the older families and wealthier citizens, that 
the new power of the artizans was admitted to 
participation in these municipal offices. In 
some of the cities of Provence, the same method 
was adopted for the preservation of peace be- 
tween the contending parties as in Italy; the 
government of the city was committed for a year 
to a foreigner, under the name of Potestas. In 
Marseilles, in 1233, six of the masters of com- 
panies were admitted every week to be assessors 
of the council, which was composed of citizens 
of the higher class, and this continued till 1257, 
when the new sovereign, Charles of Anjou, 
excluded the citizens from all share in the adimi- 
nistration. In Tarascon the artizans obtained 
admission, after an insurrection in 1233. In 
Toulon and Aix, which did not receive municipal 
constitutions till the 14th century, the different 
orders were from the first admitted to joint ad- 
ministration. It was in the imperial and epis- 
copal cities of Germany, however, that the weak- 
ness of the sovereign power allowed parties to 
proceed to acts of violence, most nearly resem- 
bling those which took place in Italian cities. 
The butchers and the weavers, the one the 
fiercest, the other the most numerous, of the 
companies, usually distinguished themselves by 
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