WITHOUT CLOSE VESSELS. 405 
drawn out by means of their hand-holes, and 
leave two square passages from top to bottom. 
In these temporary chimneys, a few incandescent 
peat cakes are thrown, and on these some broken 
pieces of turf, till the passages are filled ; but as 
the air plays more freely through these former 
chimneys, some barrowfulls of peat crumbs will 
shut the too wide pores, which places are easily 
seen by the greater volume of smoke escaping 
from them. The kiln left open to facilitate a 
more general conflagration, is not covered before 
the heap of turf cakes has sunk to the level of 
the brick work. In this state, the cover is let 
down, and some soil is brought round its border 
to intercept the escape of smoke. In this stage 
of carbonization, all the air-holes with the large 
and small chimneys are open. 
As soon as the fire is perceived through either 
of the small chimneys corresponding with the 
passages where the fire has been lighted, the hori- 
zontal mouth of the same air hole is to be shut 
with a piece of brick and some marl, and the 
others are to be successively stopped in the same 
way, the moment the redness of the fire can be 
distinguished. If there remains any doubt of the 
perfection of the operation, a pole about fourteen 
