406 CARBONIZING TURF 
feet long should be thrust through the hole where 
the carbonization appears incomplete, and by thus 
gauging to the bottom of the furnace, you will 
immediately be aware of the state of the char- 
coal, which you can’remedy instantly, by open- 
ing the air hole opposite the place examined. 
When the smoke begins to abate, you place 
the cover on the central chimney, but so as to 
shut only the half of the aperture, taking care 
at the same time to direct the open part of the 
cover towards that part of the kiln, which you 
might consider not so perfect as the remainder. 
At last, when the eruption of smoke has ceased, 
you shut all chimneys immediately, and the ope- 
ration is atanend. It requires generally twenty- 
four hours to complete the carbonization of one 
furnace, and sixty hours, for carbonization and 
cooling of the charcoal. A kiln of these dimen- 
sions can receive between three and four one- 
horse-loads of peat, of about fourteen hundred 
weight. 
There are three kinds of peat. ‘The white, or 
top of the moss land, is the lightest, and conse- 
quently the worst; it is sold from four to five 
shillings the load. The brown, which comes 
