1921] Smiley: Flora of the Sierra Nevada of California 87 



trail to Pyramid Peak, 8,400 feet. Smiley 102 ; Tragedy Springs, 8,000 

 feet, Hansen 241 ; peak above Sonora Pass, Brewer 1917 ; Carson Spur, 

 8,500 feet, Hansen; Silver Mountain Pass, Phillips and Sargent in 

 1878 ; Mono Pass, Bolander in 1866 ; east of Half Dome, Yosemite, 

 Dudley, June 13, 1894; Cloud's Rest trail, 8,000 feet. Smiley 508; 

 south slope of Lambert's Dome, Dudley, July 20, 1901; top of ridge 

 east of Sunset meadow, Fresno County, Dudley, • August 23, 1904; 

 below Fisherman 's meadow, Tulare County, Dudley 2347 ; Kern River, 

 Culbertson (B4334). 



The "Western Juniper is the most conspicuous constituent of the 

 "Krummholz" in the central Sierra, where its intricately branched, 

 short, gnarled trunks give a most bizarre appearance to many of the 

 high granitic glaciated table-lands. It is more common on the east 

 slope. It does not form pure stands of any considerable size but 

 occurs in groups of three or four. In favorable locations it becomes 

 a tree of low height but large diameter. On Mt. Shasta, Merriam^ 

 reports it as growing in the Upper Sonoran and Lower Transition 

 life-zones. In southern California, Abrams^^ assigns it to "an arid 

 belt intermediate between the Transition and the Canadian zones." 



2. Juniperus communis L., Sp. PL, p. 1040. 1753. 



Type locality. — Europe. 



Range. — Holarctic; in North America south to New England, 

 Pennsylvania, and in the mountains to North Carolina; in the west 

 south to New Mexico and California. 



Zone. — Arctic-alpine, at least in the form here considered. 



Specimens examined. — Glen Alpine trail to Mt. Tallac, 8,500 feet, 

 Abrams 4880; top of ridge between LeConte and Heather lakes, 

 Tahoe, 9,000 feet. Smiley 354 ; Pyramid Peak, W. W. Price, June 26, 

 1898 ; Ralston Peak trail, 9,000 feet, Smiley 418 ; Mono Pass, Brewer 

 1753. 



The plant here considered is perhaps best referred to the var. 

 montana Ait. (Hort. Kew., vol. 3, p. 414. 1789) ; it is by no means 

 common in our mountains though Piper reports it as common in the 

 Cascades of "Washington. 



Rehder^^ has described, from "Siskiyou Gebirge zwischen Waldo, 

 Oregon, and Crescent Q'liy, Kalifornien, in etwa 1,000 m. Meeres- 

 hohe," a variant with long whiplike branches having short laterals. 

 The type has not been seen but no specimen examined from our region 

 accords with the too brief description. 



