346 TJniversiiy of Califor-ina Publications in Botany [Vol. 9 



55. CAPRIFOLIACEAE (Honeysuckle Family) 



Leaves pinnately compound; inflorescence a many-flowered cyme ....1. Sambucus 



Leaves simple; inflorescence few-flowered. 



Corolla regular; fruit 2-seeded 2. Symphoricarpus 



Corolla irregular; fruit few to several seeded 3. Lonicera 



1. SAMBUCUS 



Berries red 1. S. racemosa 



Berries black or very dark red 2. S. melanocarpa 



1. Sambucus racemosa L., Sp. PI., p. 270. 1753. 



S. pulens Miclix., Fl., vol. 1, p. 181. 1803. 



S. microhoirys Eydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, vol. 28, p. 503. 1901. 



Type locality. — "Habitat in Europae australis montosis." 



Range. — Newfoundland to British Columbia, south to Georgia, 

 Colorado, and California. Europe. 



Zone.- — Canadian to Arctic-alpine. 



Specimens examiined. — Ridge south of Donner Pass, 7,500 feet, 

 Heller 7133; near Lake Lucile, Tahoe, 8,000- feet, Dudley, June 26, 

 1900 ; between Tahoe and Lake Lucile, 7-8,000 feet. Miss K. A. Chand- 

 ler, September, 1901 ; Tragedy Springs, 7,500 feet, Hansen 796 ; Lake 

 of the Woods meadow, Tahoe, 8,200 feet. Smiley 66 ; Lake Tenaya, 

 Yosemite, 8,500 feet, Hall and Babcock 3507 ; Mt. Guyot, in shelter 

 of rocks, 11,800 feet, H. M. and G. R. Hall 8426 ; Mt. Olancha, Tulare 

 County, 9,500 feet. Hall and Babcock 5267. 



Various attempts have been made to distinguish our western red- 

 berried elder from the common shnib of the east, but with a large 

 suite of specimens from the various sections for comparison, it appears 

 impossible to maintain specific lines. Greene believed the shrub of 

 the Coast Range to be distinct, relying upon an indeterminate flatness 

 of the cyme as the distinguishing character; his 8. calUcarpa (Fl. 

 Fran., p. 342. 1892) has its typical range in the coast mountains, 

 but Greene suspected that it might also be found in the Sierra. Jep- 

 son (Fl. N.W. Calif., p. 395. 1910) considered this a variety of 

 8. racemosa. When publishing 8. calUcarpa, Greene called attention to 

 the red-berried elder of the northwest, ranging from Oregon to Alaska, 

 and questioned whether it would prove to be identical with his new 

 species. This shrub of the northwest coast Leiberg subsequently pub- 

 lished as 8. leiosperma (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 11, p. 40. 1897). 

 Graf von Schwerin, in his monograph (Mitt. d. d. Dendrog. Gesellsch., 

 vol. 18, pp. 1-56. 1909), considers these two forms to be "vollig 

 identisch," an opinion shared by Piper. From an examination of 

 many sheets in the Herbarium of the University of California and in 

 the Dudley Herbarium, I am convinced that the contour of the cyme 



