1^21] Smiley: Flora of the Sierra Nevada of California 353 



Ray achenes obcompressed or somewhat quadrangular; they and their adjacent 

 enclosing bracts rounded on the external face. 

 Bracts of the receptacle united to form a cup about the few (often single) 

 disk achenes; dwarf plants (not over 6 inches high) with mainly 



opposite leaves 12. Hemizonella 



Bracts of the receptacle distinct; plants 6-15 inches high with mainly 

 alternate leaves 13. Hemizonia 



4. HELENIEAE 

 Heads radiate. 



Plants nearly glabrous or early glabrate; paleae of pappus (5-10) acutely 



awned; plants of wet places 14. Helenium 



Plants lanate (at least at first); paleae obtuse or erose; plants of dry or 

 rocky places. 

 Eays less than 15; involucral bracts in 1 series, firm, erect, and usually 



concave forming a cup about the achenes 15. Eriophyllum 



Eays 20-numerous (in H. vestita sometimes fewer or even wanting) ; invo- 

 lucral bracts in 2-3 series, soft, spreading, not enclosing the achenes 



16. Hulsea 



Heads rayless. 



Leaves entire, linear; slender annual 17. Orochaenactis 



Leaves lobed or pinnatifid; perennials 18. Chaenactis 



5. SENECIONEAE 



Pappus of 15-25 short, soft, plumose bristles; our species rarelj^ with a few 



rays 19. Raillardella 



Pappus of numerous slender bristles which are never truly plumose. 



Bristles of the pappus rigidulous, barbellate, inserted in a single row upon 

 the slender angled achene; leaves opposite; our species all radiate 



20. Arnica 



Bristles of the pappus very numerous, white, and soft; achene terete; leaves 

 alternate; our species both rayless and radiate 21. Senecio 



6. ANTHEMIDEAE 



Ray flowers present, heads radiate; receptacle chaffy 22. Achillea 



Ray flowers none, heads discoid; receptacle naked. 



Heads corymbose; anthers broad and obtuse at the tip 23. Tanacetum 



Heads racemose or panicled; anthers slender and acute at the tip 



24. Artemisia 



7. INULEAE 



Pappus hairs not clavate nor united into a ring at base; plant 1-2.5 feet high 

 25. Anaphalis 



Pappus of the staminate flowers clavate or barbellate; of the pistillate flowers 

 capillary, united at base and falling together; plants usually less than 

 1 foot high 26. Antennaria 



8. CYNAREAE 



27. Cirsium 



9. CICHOREAE 



Pappus none or short coroniform, paleaceous 28. Phalacroseris 



Pappus always present; not paleaceous. 



Pappus of white and soft plumose bristles with paleaceous bases 29. Microseris 

 Pappus of simple capillary hairs or bristles. 



Heads solitary on long scapose peduncles; achenes distinctly beaked 



30. Agoseris 



Heads several to numerous on branching stems. 



Leaves, or some of them, deeply lobed or pinnatifid; pappus copius, white 



and soft; achenes narrowed upward 31. CrepiS 



Leaves entire or merely toothed; pappus of sordid bristles, scanty; 

 achenes broad at the summit 32. Hieracium 



