oO 



gifva en naturligare förklaring, än om vi antaga dem vara relikter 

 från ett mera sammanhängande utbredningsområde under en tid 

 med g3'nnsammare klimat. Förekomsten af Sfipa pennata i Väster- 

 götland, där den enligt Sernander (1908) förr var mycket utbredd 

 inom ett inskränkt område, representerar en liknande svärm. 



CHANGES OF REGIONS IX DALARNE. 

 SUMMARY. 



The largest part of Dalarne belongs to the Scandinavian pine- 

 forest-region, only the most southerly part to the oak-region and 

 the most northerly and highest parts to the alpine region. 



I. SOUTHERN PLANTS IN THE PINE-FOREST-REGION. 



The Southern plants of the pine-forest-region of Dalarne are to 

 be found in two types of associations, l:st of closed and 2:nd of open 

 vegetation. 



In two kinds of natural associations of a closed vegetation south- 

 ern plants are rather numerous. The one is a spruce-forest- 

 society, the other a deciduous-forest-society, both characterized by 

 gro ve- vegetation. 



In the highest parts of the Scandinavian pine-forest-region a type 

 of spruce-forest is met with, viz. the spruce-grove, which is charac- 

 terized by a great number of herbs and grasses, particularly Gera- 

 nium silvaticnni. Sometimes shrubs also occur there. On p. 2 an 

 example of a very luxuriant spruce-grove in Alfdalen is given. From 

 other places some other species are mentioned, loo (p. 3). \iii(J(i 

 pijrnniidalis, Ancnione hepatica, Beliila odoratd, Plalnntlwra bifolia, 

 Viola niirahilis and riviniana are soulhern, Ålchcmilln (/loiuerulans 

 and Mulgedium alpinum are northern species. The undergrowth of 

 the spruce-grove is, according to the authors opinion, to a great 

 extent a relict-society from the time before the immigration of the 

 spruce. It is known, that during a period of the postglacial time 

 some deciduous trees, particularly the hazel, had a much wider 

 di.stribution in the southern part of the Scandinavian pine-forest- 

 region than to-day. The greatest part of Ihese deciduous Irees 

 must ha ve existed, where the spruce-groves are now growing. 



