53 



on damp ineadows. Soine others grow in spruce-groves, grove- 

 delis and on birch-sloi)es. The olher species most IVequently 

 grow on rocks or on slony and sandy banks ol' rivers. 



In all associations now discribed bolh southern and northern spe- 

 cies occur together. This feature is common in Ihe higher paris of 

 the Norrlandian pine-loresl-region. The author is ol" opinion, that 

 the southern plants, to a great extenl, are relicts from the subboreal 

 period. Hut the immigration of the spruce has also caused some 

 plänts to become rarer. The northern species probably did not occur 

 at that time in these associations, but have immigrated thanks to 

 Ihe deterioration of the climate since that time. — As already men- 

 tioned the largest part of Dalarne betongs to the pine-forest-region, 

 but during the subboreal period a great part of southern Dalarne 

 belonged to the oak-region. E. g. the above described rock-asso- 

 ciations at Nyberget and the grove-delis and the birch-meadows 

 at Säter were situated in the oak-region of the Litorina-time. 



During the subboreal period the alpine region must have been 

 confined to the highest mountains of Sweden. On pp. 30 and 31 

 two mountains ol alpine character in Våmhus and Älfdalen are 

 described. Their height is 700 — 800 m. Notwithstanding, a typical 

 alpine heath-vegetation occurs on their very tops. The author thinks, 

 that alpine plants, such as Arctostaphylos alpina. Azalea procumbens, 

 Jnuciis trifidus and Lycopodium alpiniini have not grown on those 

 mountains during the subboreal period. Those mountains must 

 have been quite covered with forest- vegetation. 



II. GYPSOPHII.A FASTKIIATA IX THK MORA-DISTRICT. 



In the neighbourhood of Mora by the lake Siljan Gypsophila fa- 

 stigiata grows in several places. In natural associations very few 

 specimens occur. All grew in pine-heaths. On p. 32 all plants, which 

 grew in these pine-heaths together with Gypsophila, are mentioned. 

 When the ground-vegetation of mosses and lichens is destroyed and 

 the sand laid bare, Gypsophila immediately becomes more common. 

 In such places the author found the species mentioned on p. 35 — 

 37. At one place the author found a rather large lield of recent 

 drift-sand. A list of plants growing there is given on p. 33. It is of 

 great interest, that on the pine-heaths of this district Anthyllis vulne- 

 raria, Calamagrnstis epiyeios and Carex ericetorum occur. All of 



