ANGLO-SAXON AND NORMAN ARCHITECTURE. > 
ther a Saxon or a Norman monarch held the throne, at 
the time a church was built, as whether the building is of 
the Saxon or Norman style ; and, though it is manifestly 
impossible that the details of a style, first used in the 
eleventh century, can be found in buildings ot an earlier 
date, it is neither impossible nor improbable that details 
common in the latter part of the tenth, and the beginning 
of the eleventh, should occasionally be met with, particu- 
larly in obscure and remote distriets, after the time of the 
Norman Conquest; and it is certain that besides those 
buildings which are clearly transitional, there are many 
instances in which the different styles overlap each other, 
if I may so say, in a very abrupt and striking manner. 
In order to render my description of these peculiarities 
more distinet, I will divide them into those of the masonry, 
arches, doors, windows, and towers, of Anglo-Saxon date. 
And first, with regard to the masonry—this will almost 
invariably be found to consist of very rough and irregular 
rubble, or rag-work, the joints wide and the cement coarse, 
in one case,—the church at Britworth, near Salisbury,— 
containing pounded brick, which is supposed to bea Roman 
custom. It has been also observed that stones of a much 
larger size than those used by the Normans, are to be 
found among the smaller rubble ; but the most character- 
istic point of the masonry is, that it is often divided by 
narrow vertical strips of stone, which at first sight appear 
to be merely superficial, but on closer investigation will 
generally, I believe always, be found to extend quite 
through the thickness of the wall, forming a sort of frame 
work for the rubble, in the same manner as wooden up- 
rights are used in forming what we in these days call a 
brick nogging, and are probably nothing more than stone 
substitutes for the timber, which had been used in earlier 
