6 PAPERS, ETC. 
times for that purpose. The quoins, too, are usually con- 
structed of what is called long-and-short work, which 
consists of long upright stones, alternating with much 
shorter ones, which are usually of greater breadtlı, and 
act as bond stones on both sides, though at Sompting, the 
long and short stones appear to be of the same breadth. 
This system of bonding, I believe, has not been observed 
in Normandy, though it is found to exist in Sieily, in 
buildings supposed to have been erected by the followers 
of Guiscard de Hauteville. 
Amnglo-Saxon arches, when large, are usually semi- 
ceircular, composed of coarse, irregular masonry, rising 
from a rude abacus or impost, frequently showing an 
attempt at imitation of Roman mouldings. When 
small they are often flat-sided, the capitals of the piers 
are sometimes coarsely carved in a manner very dif- 
ferent from Norman work, and, as well as the bases, 
seem to be of a debased Roman character. "The doors 
are generally semicircular, shewing traces of long-and- 
short work in their jambs ; though at Dunham Magna, 
in Norfolk, at the west end, there is a triangular canopy 
over a square-headed door-way, consisting of a fillet with 
the edges cut into a sort of square billet ornament, with 
shafts of a similar character. The windows, which are 
small, have also generally semicircular heads, though they 
are not unfrequently flat-sided—their chief peculiarity 
being that the splay, which in Norman windows is perhaps 
invariably internal, is, in Saxon work, nearly, if not quite, 
equal ; so that the narrowest part of the opening is at the 
centre of the wall. Small eireular windows, splayed in 
this manner, are not uncommon in churches of this style. 
We now come to the towers of this style, of which, as 
being probably the most costly, as well as the strongest 
