8 PAPERS, ETC. 
buildings of which these curious relics of antiquity are 
fragments ; for Pcannot bring myself to believe that no 
greater difference existed between ıt and the Norman, 
than that of ruder workmanship and less skilful building. 
The classical architecture of Rome in its debasement 
seems to have diverged into three, or perhaps four differ- 
ent channels—the Byzantine, Lombardic, Norman, and 
that style of Romanesque which appears to have prevailed 
in some parts of Europe, particularly in Germany, as late 
as the fifteenth century. Of the Byzantine, the most 
celebrated specimen is the Mosque of St. Sophia, at Con- 
stantinople. Of the Lombardic, a splendid, and I believe 
correct, specimen may be seen in the church recently 
erected at Wilton, by the Honourable Sidney Herbert. 
Germany is full of the fourth variety, and our own country 
affords us numberless examples of the Norman, from the 
magnificent cathedral down to the humble parish church. 
All these styles the beautiful works of Mr. Galley Knight, 
the masterly drawings of Mr. Pettit, and the valuable 
work on German churches by the master of Trinity Col- 
lege, Cambridge, have made familiar to every admirer of 
ecelesiastical architecture. Now if we include them all 
under the generic name of Romanesque, the specific 
difference of the Norman appears to be, that it has a 
gothieizing tendency, or in other words, is a transitional 
style, which runs as easily into the early English as that 
into the decorated ; which is not the case with the others, 
which are fixed and complete styles. A scientific architect 
would no doubt be able to explain this elearly ; but unfor- 
tunately my scientific attainments on this, and I am afraid 
on all other points, may fairly be described as a negative 
quantity; and though I think that from habit I can tell a 
Norman building when I see it, from the other varieties of 
