Tore No. ©. THE QUATERNARY SECTION OF KILEBU. II 
It is quite the same weathering and decomposition acting in a more 
continuous manner on the top-layer XXV that made this appear as quite 
a special one of a black or brown colour. The small fragments of shells 
still left from decomposition prove that it is, however, only to be regarded 
as an immediate sequel of the preceding one. It should, however, be noted 
that Mytilus edulis L., for instance, more especially occurs in a small 
variety, and that Saxicava pholadis L., as a rule, only occurs in dwarfed 
or stunted specimens of a juvenile character. Balanus crenatus Bruce. 
Darw. was only found in a rather small variety of the common 
littoral type. A single fragment of a small variety of Pecten islandicus 
Mürr. was also found. This layer has a thickness of 14 cm. and it is 
composed of a somewhat clayey or rather sandy earth, mixed with some 
stones and abundant fibres of plants of a recent origin, the whole thus 
forming a layer of ordinary soil. 
Stratification and deposition. 
We are, indeed, justified in looking upon stratification and composi- 
tion as indicators of the mode of deposition, Looking, for instance, upon 
the unstratifed, or only in part stratified, divisions I and II we are to 
regard them as the immediate or more indirect deposition of the retiring 
glacier. And the presence of clay fragments indicates in division II, 
as well as in the following division III, that deposition took place 
below sea-level. The prominent stratification and the enclosed fossils of 
this last mentioned layer prove that glacial action was considerably 
diminished as glacial, or rather fluvio-glacial waters only in a slight 
manner influenced the deposition of this layer. In layer IV we meet with 
a deposit of a true marine character. The fossils indicate that the posi- 
tion of glaciers was even more retired than during the deposition 
of the preceding one, but the fauna, more especially of the lower part 
of the layer, indicates true arctic conditions. The alternating layers IV 
to XXIII, inclusively, prove that physical conditions periodically changed 
during the deposition of these series. And the character of fossils 
indicates a prominent periodicity as to development of organic life. The 
nearly horizontal strata, as well as the composition of the layers and the 
character of the enclosed fossils, moreover, prove that deposition took 
place in rather calm water of the sub-littoral belt. The gravellous char- 
acter of some of the clay layers, as well as the folded or curled strata 
in some places, however, prove that in certain periods such disturbances 
took place that we, as a rule, are accustomed to ascribe to the action 
and the effects of drift or floating ice. 
