I92I. No. 7. STUDIES OX THE LICHEN' FLORA OF NORWAY. 49 



f. subracemosa Wain. 

 TroiiL^. Ibbestad (B. L.I. Fiiiiii. Alten: Store Raipas (B. L.l. 



Cladonia crispata is a \erv frequent species in Norwa}^, distributed 

 throughout the whole country, and ascending far beyond the tree line. It 

 is chiellv a forest lichen, and accordingly less common on the west coast, 

 also on the south coast it evidently prefers stations somewhat remote from 

 the sea. There are but few stations from the coast of the Arctic Ocean 

 north of Lofoten, but in Northern Norwa}- the inland districts have been 

 better explored. 



On old decayed stumps, at mossy places in the forest, and (f. Cetrariae- 

 fori)iis and f. virgata] at rather moist places, as mossy banks of rivulets in 

 the forest. Common also in moorland districts. 



F. iiifiuidibnlifera is considered the 't^'pe' of this species. It is a centre 

 of variation of the coarse formae: f. divitlsa is f. uifimdibiilifera with more 

 or less squamose podetia, f. dilacerata the same with its scyphi split up 

 into coronate rays, and f elegans is again the dilacerata with squamose 

 podetia. 



Everyone who. has studied Cladoiiiae in nature will know that such 

 characters are not constant. There is every .transitional stage between them, 

 and the determination of the formae is to a certain degree dependent on 

 the view of the investigator. They are, however, very interesting, showing 

 the degree of variation of this widely distributed and common species. 



The f. iiifiuidibnlifera and dilacerata are the most frequent ones in 

 Norway, the former especially in Northern, the latter in Southern Norway. 

 The squamose formae are less common. — 



Though representing distinct types of variation the slender formae are 

 quite as confluent as the coarser ones. 



f. virgata and i. cetrariaeforuiis prefer moist places at alpine and 

 northern stations, they are not rare, and in places quite conunon. They 

 grow in tufts, f. virgata has better developed scyphi; it is also more richly 

 branched than the latter forma. 



I am unable to attribute much importance to the difterence between 

 f. gracilesceiis and f. cetrariaeforuiis. — Waixio emphazises the colour; the 

 former is 'spadicea aut testacea', the latter 'subglaucescens'. But there 

 are manv plants with intermediate colours, others are 'spadiceae' at the 

 upper end of the podetia and 'glaucescentes' at their lower part. Wainio 

 also writes of plants which are intermediate between either forma (Mon. 

 I p. 396). 



I am indebted to Saxdsteue, the eminent investigator of this genus, 

 for a rich material of f gracilesceiis. His plants are truly glaucous, they 

 are rather small, little branched, and of a habitus somewhat approach- 

 ing to CI. gracilis f cliordalis. Plants determined by L.Âxg, approach more 

 to f cetrariaeforuiis, and so do our Norwegian ones. 



Vid.-Selsk. Skr. I. M.-X. Kl. 1921. Xo. 7. 4 



