240 



KRISTIAN NISSEN, M.-N. Kl. 



I li( il iiilnriii.iiion li.is « iilicr l)C(ii j^ivcn in lin- (idd wlnrr- ihc liclicn 

 in {|ii( slioii h;is been |)<iiiil((l out ov it lias been based <')n living lichens 

 shown U> till III. Some intorniants have onl}' given a few names. This is 

 especialh tlic tase with some informants from Karasjok, Porsanger, and 



I'oliiiiik, the dates fidiii i\aiilok( ino arc more comijrehensix'c. 



The liclicns wliich the Laplanders in l-'inmark me-ntion by name, fall 

 into three j^roups: 



I. /('(jt/, plur. ja'kkalak, comprising the more important arbuscular 

 lichens, chiclh of the genera Cladoiiia, Cetraria, and Stcrcocaiilon. All of 

 them are tield lichens, and they are eaten by the reindeer. Cfr. Qvig- 

 sTAi) No. 177, and as to the plural word ja'kkalak: Gunnerus: Flora 

 Norvegica No. CCLXIX: 'Lichen rangiferinus . . . Lapponibus nostratibus 

 iibi(|ue Ekalak. Pa!)Lilum tarandoriim cons\etum. Colligitur et a rusticis 

 in ])al)iiliiin pccLidiiiii hyemale'. 



II. dadua, phir. gaiiak, comprising the more or less foliaceous or 

 scalv lichens. Hie word i^adiia also designates skin-scales, dandriff, and 

 the like. These lichens, chietly Parnic/iar and Gyrophnrac grow on stones 

 and on trees, they ai"e also eaten by the reindeer. Cfr. Qvigstad No. 141. 



III. Lappa, plur. lâppok, comprising the beard-lichens, chiefly Alccto- 

 riac and I 'sacac. They grow on trees, and are to a certain extent eaten 

 bv the reindeer. Ch". Qvigstad No. 185. 



I. Jœgel. 



1 have made the following notes on specific Ja'ge/-na.mes. Some of 

 these names are well known and in common use, others are less common. 



1. Botka-fægc/ [Angelica-lichen], mentioned by A. L. S. on lichens which 

 can also be called ual/o-iœgel (vide infra). The name is quite characteristic 

 of some of the lichens which form part of the nallo-jœgcl lichens, e. g. 

 Cladouia defonuis. 



2. Daolhba-jœgcl [flat lichen]. Two informants (M. A. B. andP. J. J.I 

 applied this name to Ncphrouia arcficani, one (N. P. T.) to Cetraria nivalis, 

 one (j.M. S.) to Cetraria Islandica, and one L-\. L. S.I mentioned it as a 

 synonym to Sariui-Ja'gel, otherwise the common name of Cetrariae. The 

 name 'flat lichen' is characteristic of Nephroma as well as of Cetrariae, 

 however different these species are in other respects. 



3. //«'r,s/'r/-/(^r.(/c7 [horse-lichen]. By P. J.M. applied to Xepliroiiia aretieinir, 

 he added: 'I have heard this name from old people.' 



4. Krukko-Jœgel [jar-lichen]. By J. O. applied to Cladouia eoccifera. 



5. Lasta-jœgel [leaf-lichen]. By M. A. B. applied as a synonym to 

 duolbba-jeegel on Nepliroiiia arcfienni. 



6. Nallo-jœgel [needle-lichen]. Well known and wideh' used name of 

 tube-like Cladoniae, as Cladouia gracilis, C. de/orniis, C. cocci/era, and the like. 



7. Oaivve-Ja-gel [head-lichen]. Well known and widely used name 

 on Cladoi/ia alpest/'is. P. J. M. also designated C. raiigiffriiia and C. silva- 



