I92I.N0. 7- LAPPONIAX LICHEN XAMKS. 243 



lichen] by those who call Stcrcocaitloii for raiies-siimrvvc [grey crisp lichen], 

 vide infra. 



Cladonia gracilis, CI. defonnis, CI. coccifcra and similar fistulous Clado- 

 niac: nallo-jccqcl [needle-lichen]. One informant called CI. coccifcra : knikko-jœgel 

 [jar-lichen], a name that most probably also comprises other species of this 

 habitus. The name itllo-jagel [wool-lichen] is in use on delicate fistulous 

 Cladoiiiae, in particular on delicate formae of CI. gracilis and the like. 



Cetraria Islaiidica, C. liiasceiis, C. nivalis and C. ciictillata : sarva-jœgel [elk- 

 lichen]. In some places these Cetrariae are called dttolhba-jœgel, a name which 

 is otherwise used on Nephroma aixticimi, vide infra. Most probabl}- it is 

 a mistake when an informant designated C. nivalis as siiiarvve, otherwise 

 the common name for Stereocauloii. 



Stcreocaiiloii paschale: suiarvvc-jcegcl [crisp lichen] or in general only 

 srnarvve. By-forms in dialects: siuurvve, suiarbnie and suiarinine. Persons 

 who call Cladonia rangifcrina and CI. silvatica : sniarvve, designate Stereo- 

 cauloii as ranes-sniarvve [grey crisp lichen]. Occasionally Stereocaulon is 

 called sarva-jccgel, otherwise the common name for Cetrariae, but this must 

 be a mistake. 



Nephroma arcticiim: diiolbba-jagcl [flat lichen] seems to be the most 

 usual name. This name is also used on Cetrariae, vide supra. Names as 

 hœsta-jecgel [horse-lichen], sammal-jccgel [moss-lichen] zx\<\ jcegel-gadna [lichen- 

 gadna] are also met with. Evidently it is a mistake when one informant 

 has called Nephroma : sarva-jœgel, otherwise the usual name on Cetrariae. 



Parmeliae and Gyrophorae with foliaceous thallus are generally called 

 gadna, plur. gauak. Specialized according to their substratum as gceâge- 

 gadiia [stone-gadna] and nmorra-gadua [tree-gadna]. Vide supra under the 

 mentioning of gadna. Alectoria nigricans and other saxicolous Alectoriae 

 are sometimes called gadna. 



Alectoria jiibata, A. Fremontii, L'snea sorcdiifera and other Alectoriae 

 and Usneae of the beard-lichen type: lappo, plur. lappok. Designated accor- 

 ding to the host as bœcce-lappo [Pinus Silvester beard-lichen], guossa-lappo 

 [Picea excelsa beard-lichen] or soakke-lappo {Betiila odorata beard-lichen]. 

 The two first names indicate especially Alectoriae, the last name Usneae; 

 vide supra lappo. 



Old experienced nomadic Laplanders have a well developed termino- 

 logy and their own opinion on the importance of different lichens for the 

 reindeer-pasture. As an example I append the observations of some of the 

 before mentioned informants: 



Jørgen M. Sara: 'Nallo-jagcl [Cladonia gracilis or) is the first lichen 

 that grows up when lichens regenerate on a field that has been destro^-ed 

 by fire. It is the initial lichen. Then diiolbba-jcrgel [Cetrariae] and next 

 smarvve [Stereocaulon and Cladonia rangiferina and CI. silvatica) appear, 

 and out of smarvve toppa-jagcl or oaivve-jcegel grows forth. All these names 



