8 PAPERS, ETC. 
maintain this ritual division. The East-Anglian churches 
share with those of Somerset the tendeney to introduce 
small turrets and spirelets besides the prineipal tower. 
They do not however often occeur at the side, but most 
commonly, like those at Banwell, at the east end of the 
nave, as in St. Mary’s, Bury, or when there is no con- 
struetive chancel, at the east end of the whole building, 
as in St. Peter Mancroft. 
TOWERS. 
The tower most distinetive of Norfolk is of course the 
round tower of flint, which is of all dates, from Anglo-Saxon 
to Perpendicular, but with which, as the later examples 
exhibit but little architeetural character, I am but little 
concerned at present. It is singular that the round form, 
introduced to avoid the necessity of quoins in a distriet 
where stone is rare, should, now and then, have sunk into the 
octagon—a closely allied form ssthetically, but its exact 
opposite economically, as requiring double as much quoin- 
ing as the square. I did not however observe any marked 
classes of octagons, like those in Somerset and Northamp- 
tonshire respectively; a few of the round towers have 
octagonal tops, and so has a small square one at Thuxton, 
a village lying between Dereham and Hingham. There 
are also the hexagons and the octagon I have already 
mentioned at Lynn and Norwich, and the noble “abbey 
steeple” at Wymondham. 
The western distriet contains several splendid towers 
and spires of earlier than Perpendicular date, among which 
the superb detached campanile of West Walton claims 
the unquestioned pre-eminencee. My business however 
lies with the great Perpendicular towers, which, in the 
most thoroushly East-Anglıan distriets, are built of flint. 
