ON ANCIENT CAMPS AND EARTH-WORKS. 143 
in which William Gondulph grants to Adam de Cloptone 
a cottage with a piece of land adjoining, in Aystone, jJuxta 
Bristoll, situated on the eastern side Venelle de Wondes- 
dich. Here it traverses the Ashton road at Raynes Cross, 
and, ascending the hill, enters the hundred of Portbury, in 
the parish of Wraxall, and terminates at the ancient port 
of Portishead, on the Severn Sea. 
From this account it will be seen that the camps on 
Leigh Down were not on the south side of Wansdyke, but 
without its limit, on the north. 
I ought here to mention the earth-work above the vil- 
lage of Tickenham, on the north side of it, called Cadbury 
Camp, which is of an oblong form, and contains about four 
acres. It is surrounded by a triple agger and a double 
fosse, and a track-way has led from it to the camps on 
Leigh Down. This camp commands a full view of the 
mouth of the Avon and Portishead, and may be regarded 
as one of the fortresses on the line of the Wansdyke. 
Having thus traced the course of the Wansdyke, and 
considered those earth-works which lie upon it where it 
passes through Somersetshire, I ought to offer some sug- 
gestions as to the state of civilization of the people by 
whom it was constructed, and who fortified the heights by 
which it is strengthened and protected. These works give 
us no mean opinion of their intelligence and civilization. 
We cannot regard them as altogether barbarians. They 
seem to have been capable of great works, and must have 
had instruments to carry them out, as well as understand- 
ing to plan and arrange them. Huge mounds of earth 
were not thrown up without the use of iron or bronze im- 
plements. It has been suggested that Wansdyke is the 
work of two distinet people. This was the opinion of the 
late Mr. Leman, whose investigations of ancient earth- 
VOL. vI., 1855, PART II. 2 
