116 PAPERS, ETC. 
Ditch is eishteen feet above the average level of the 
country ; on the western, upon which side is the fosse, it 
is as much as thirty-eight feet. The width, taken across 
the summit of the ridge, is twelve feet ; the width of the 
ditch twenty feet. It is at present eight feet deep, and 
was, perhaps, originally two feet more. The entire length 
of the inclination of the sides of the vallum and fosse, are 
for the former, on the eastern side thirty feet, on the west- 
ern forty-six feet; the slope of the ditch bank on the 
western side of the fosse is seventeen feet. If I recollect 
right, a rampart runs at the top of the mound.* 
These great works betoken a people advanced in the 
arts of construction and using implements not much inferior 
to the means and appliances of modern times. 
Let us compare these works and the hill camps with the 
encampments of modern tribes, particularly with those of 
the New Zealanders : we shall see then how much supe- 
rior were the works of our forefathers to those of modern 
date. Two very interesting models of New Zealand en- 
campments are preserved in the United Service Museum 
in London. They are well worth examining, and give a 
good idea of what must have been a fortified British camp 
in Cxsar’s time. By comparing his description with these 
models, and again with the remains of those earth-works 
that exist on the tops of hills, we are enabled to form a 
pretty accurate idea of what they must have been when 
inhabited. 
Cxsar thus describes the capital of Cassivelaunus, and 
calls it “Oppidum sylvis paludibusque munitum, quo 
satis magnus hominum pecorisque numerus convenerit. 
Oppidum autem Britanni vocant, quum silvas impeditas 
* See Hartshorne’s Sal. Antiq., p. 167. 
