MINING OPERATIONS OF THE ROMANS. 9 



Ventilators of linen cloth." (Riley's Translation). \Ve 

 may infer that air was driven into the mines in the same 

 manner. In modern tiines it is customary to use a tube 

 of sail-cloth through which air is forced by the mere 

 impulse of the wind from the deck of a vessel to the 

 bottorn of the hold. The iron tongs mentioned by Dr. 

 Bruce exactly resembles the instrurnent placed in the 

 hands of Vulcan in ancient works of art. It may be 

 observed that Hadrian evidently planned this " Limes," or 

 boundary, so as to include the lead mines within Ins 

 territory. 



YORKSHIRE. 



The lead mines of Greenhow Hill are near Pateley 

 Bridge, in the parish of Ripon, and in the township of 

 Dacre. Greenhow Hill is a ridge of limestone. "At 

 Hayshaw Bank near Dacre Pasture were found, in 1734, 

 two pigs of lead, of the same shape and dimensions." 

 u One of them was bequeathed to the British Museum by 

 Sir "William Ingilby, bart., and presented by his executors 

 in 1772." The inscription, which it bears, may be read 

 as follows : 



IMP. CJES. DOMITIANO AVG. COS. VH. 

 It gives the date of A.D. 81 for the production of this 

 specimen, since in that year Domitian was elected consul 

 the 7th time. I conceive also, that it should be read in 

 the ablative case, Imperatore Casare Domitiano Augusto 

 consule scptimum. On this supposition the mine may have 

 bcen worked by private hands. 



The other pig, found at the same time and place, is 

 preserved at Ripley Castle, the family mansion of the 

 rngilbys, and bears the same inscription, augmcntcd by 



VOL. VIII., 1858, PAET II. R 



