66 PAPERS, ETC. 



hüls or the extremities of high ground, artificially divided 

 from the adjoining country, and is most conimonly sur- 

 rounded by a System of intrenchments, all apparently of 

 one plan, and constructed for the simple purpose of defence ; 

 while the other, which I suppose to be that used in the 

 construction of fortified towns intended for permanent 

 habitation is divided into two, or perhaps, more frequently 

 three, or even more, portions, protected by fortifications 

 varying in strength and importance, in some cases bearing 

 a striking analogy to the plan of a mediasval Castle, con- 

 sisting of a keep and an inner and outer bailey. In these 

 cases, that part which answers to the keep appears to me 

 to have been the stronghold ; that of second importance 

 probably was intended for the place of refuge for the 

 neighbouring population in times of danger; while the 

 outer enclosure, which is usually much larger, and less 

 strongly fortified than the other two, might have been 

 occupied by the cattle, herds of which constituted the 

 greater part of the wealth of the primitive tribes which 

 then inhabited this country. 



I cannot, perhaps, explain this difference of construction 

 better than by describing somewhat in detail the Camp of 

 Cadbury, a very perfect specimen of tbe first-mentioned 

 type ; and those of Worle Hill and Castle Neroche, which 

 afford equally good examples of the second. 



Cadbury Castle,* which I have chosen as a specimen of the 

 first, or purely military type, is thus described in the addi- 

 tions to Camden, published vvith Gibson's edition : " Leav- 

 ing the sea, our next direction is the river Ivell, near which 

 is Camalet, mentioned by Mr. Camden as a place of great 

 antiquity. The hill is a mile in compass. At the top are 



* See i>hte VI. 



