HIPPOPOTAMUS 23 



THE WART-HOG 



(Page 399) 



Six local forms of wart-hog are recognised by Dr. E. Lonnberg in 

 \.\iQ Proceedings oi \ki& Zoological Society for 1909 (p. 936), namely, 

 the typical Cape Phacochoerus aethiopicus, P. ae. simdevalli of Natal, P. 

 ae. vmsaicus of the Kilimanjaro area, P. ac. africanus of Cape Verd and 

 Senegambia, P. ac. aeliani of Abyssinia, and P. ae. delamerei, probably 

 from Somaliland. The typical Cape form is distinguished by the short- 

 ness and width of the post-orbital portion of the skull ; in aeliani and 

 africanus the same region is much longer, but whereas in the former it is 

 narrower, in the latter it is broad. The post-orbital region is also long 

 in sundevalli and niasaicus, the Natal race having a broader frontal 

 region than its Kilimanjaro cousin : both retain one pair of upper and 

 either one or two pair of lower incisor teeth. Curiously enough, the 

 presumably Somali dclanicrei resembles the Cape animal in the short- 

 ness and breadth of the post-orbital region of the skull, and the 

 absorption or loss of all the incisors, although it differs in certain details 

 of skull-structure. Similarity in the above respects in these two races 

 may, it is suggested, have been brought about by similarity of 

 environment. 



THE HH^POPOTAMUS 

 (Page 403) 



In vol. liv. No. 7, of the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 19 10, 

 Mr. G. S. Miller describes the skull of a hippopotamus from Angola as 

 representing a distinct species, although it is of course a local race, and 

 should be known as Hippopotamus amphibius constrictus. From that of 

 the typical H. amphibius of the Nile and north-eastern Africa generally, 

 the Angolan skull differs by the more marked flattening of the upper 

 surface, the much deeper lateral constriction behind the muzzle, the 

 shorter union at the chin of the two halves of the lower jaw, and the 

 proportionately smaller size of the cheek-teeth. In the hippopotamus 

 of the Cape, which was named by the French naturalist Duvernoy so 

 long ago as 1846, and may now be known as H. a. austrahs, the 

 flattenfng of the skull is carried to a still greater degree, the socket of 



