72 CATTLE 



distinctly bent inwards and backwards, the widest span occurring 

 where the central axis of the tips cut the horn. This race apparently 

 ranges up the east coast as far as Zululand. Its alleged distinctness 

 from the Orange river race, which is the one with the very massive 

 boss to the horn bases, is in accordance with what occurs in the case 

 of the races of the African elephant. 



Two other races, the Pangani buffalo i^B. c. piJiillingsi) from the 

 middle Pangani valley, in the Usagara district, and the Wembaeri 

 buffalo {B. c. ivembaerensis), from a swamp near the Wembaeri plateau, 

 have been described more recently by Dr. Matschie. They belong to 

 the present group, but I have not access to their description. 



The members of the second main group, which may be collectively 

 termed red buffaloes, although in some races the adults are dark brown 

 or blackish, are characterised by the horns extending upwards and 

 outwards from their bases in practically the same plane. 



The first representative of this group is the Togo buffalo 

 {B. c. tJiierryi) of Togoland, between Ashanti and Dahomey on the 

 west coast. In this race the long axes of the smooth tips and the 

 rough basal portions of the horns form a right angle with one another, 

 the long tips tapering rapidly and having approximately the same 

 direction as the free basal edges of the horns, while their summits are 

 separated by an interval exceeding one-third the diameter of the 

 maximum span. In the dwarf red buffalo, or " bush-cow " {B. c. naftzis), 

 of the Congo coast the tips form an acute angle with the free basal 

 edges of the horns, and are separated at their summits by an interval 

 less than one-fourth of the greatest span. In the Loanda race {B. c. 

 mayt), another west coast type, the horn-tips taper more gradually and 

 less markedly than in the preceding, and do not exceed one-third the 

 total horn-length. 



In the remaining races the long axis of the smooth terminal portion 

 of the horns forms an acute angle with that of the rough basal portion. 



The first representative of this subgroup is the Lake Tchad buffalo 

 {B. c. bracJiyceros), in which the smooth horn-tips exceed one-third the 

 total horn -length, while they have an inward, and near the summits 

 an inward and backward, inclination, and their long axis forms an 

 angle of about 35° with that of the basal portion. 



From this race the Kivu buffalo {B. c. viathewsi), from the region 

 between Tanganyika and the Albert Edward Nyanza, differs by the 

 more marked backward and inward direction of the horn-tips, while 

 their axis forms with that of the basal portion an angle of about 65^. 



The name of Sudan buffalo may be employed (in place of Abys- 



