BUBAL HARTEBEEST 95 



necks, doubly-curved horns, which are more or less suddenly bent back 

 about the middle of their length and heavily ringed, and the undue 

 height of the withers and the lowness of the hind-quarters. They 

 have the muzzle moderately broad, the nostrils close together and 

 lined with stiff bristles, small hoofs, and the tail, which reaches below 

 the hocks, moderately haired and generally with a thin crest of long 

 hairs along the upper surface of the terminal half. The females have 

 two teats. In colour, hartebeests may be either uniformly brown or 

 rufous, or similarly coloured with the addition of blackish or purplish 

 patches on the face, shoulders, hind-quarters, and lower portions of the 

 limbs. The horns first rise outwards or backwards, then curve 

 forwards and upwards, and are finally bent suddenly backwards and 

 upwards. The hartebeests are arranged in four groups, according to 

 the form of the horns and the development of the upward prolongation 

 (pedicle) of the forehead on which they are mounted ; the better-known 

 species being the following : — 



Horns U-shaped from in front, with a short pedicle : 



Bubal Haitebeest. 

 Western Hartebeest. 



Horns like an inverted bracket (■ — , — •), with a moderate pedicle : 



Tora Hartebeest. 



Sig, or Swayne's, Hartebeest. 



Kongoni, or Coke's, Hartebeest. 



Horns V-shaped from in front, with a very high pedicle : 



Cape Hartebeest. 

 Lehvel Hartebeest. 

 Neumann's Hartebeest. 



Horns greatly incurved before the final backward turn with a low 

 and wide pedicle : 



Lichtenstein's Hartebeest. 



The bubal hartebeest, which is the typical representative of the 

 group with U-shaped horns, is the smallest of all the species, and a 

 native of North Africa, where it is known from the interior of Morocco, 

 Algeria, and Tunisia, while it formerly extended into Egypt. The 

 species is also stated to range into Palestine and Arabia, but in 

 support of this statement there appears to be no tangible evidence. 



Standing only about 43 or 44 inches at the shoulder, this harte- 

 beest is reddish tawny in colour, with the tail-tuft black. In the 

 winter-coat, at any rate, the hair is of considerable length and inclined 



