38 BERNT LYNGE, M.-N. Kl. 



entire or almost entire at the margin. Isidia absent. Some laciniae 

 sorediate, soredia produced on the lower side of small, very 

 convex or even helmet-like (fornicate), rugose, frequently 

 perforate terminal laciniae. Other laciniae are esorediate; they 

 are usually only slightly ascending, flatter and not fornicate, with truncate 

 or rounded or frequentl}' crenate or incise apices. Along the margin 

 of the lacinae are found unbranched, long cilia, at their base 

 of the same colour as the thallus, at their apices darker. The colour of 

 the thallus white or whitish-grey, lower side uncoloured. When moistened, 

 the »helmets« are somewhat translucent. 



Upper cortex (25 — ) 30—40 (—60) u thick, at the exterior part 

 (13—18 /it) of a dark colour, otherwise uncoloured, formed of plecten- 

 chymatous, relatively thick-walled, constrictedly septate hyphae. Gonidia 

 (diam. 9,5 — 11 //) arranged in a broad undulate stratum under the cortex, 

 they do not — or only exceptionally — grow out into the cortex. Medulla 

 white, formed of branched, loosely interlaced hyphae, and gradually 

 transformed into the lower cortex. Lower cortex not plectenchymatous, 

 hyphae chiefly parallel to the surface. Thickness 25 — 45//. 



Thallus usually sterile, but in fertile specimens apothecia are often 

 abundantly developed. They are small, orbicular, diam. up to 2 mm., sessile, 

 rarely very shortly pedicellate. Margin inappendiculate, minutely crenate, 

 persistent, thin in old apothecia. Receptacle of the same colour as the 

 thallus, rugose or smooth, without rhizinae, its cortex thick, up to 16011, 

 formed by thick-walled, closely contiguous hyphae, perpendicular to the 

 surface at the exterior part, but of indeterminate direction at the interior 

 part. Gonidia numerous in the margin, few or absent under the hypo- 

 thecium. Disc plane, frequently whitish pruinose, colour reddish-brown 

 (at least when wet) or black. Hypothecium pale yellowish, 40 — 50« thick. 

 Hymenium 80 — 90 n thick, insperse and dark brown at the exterior part, 

 otherwise uncoloured and not insperse. Paraphyses imbedded in a firm 

 gelatina, rather thick (1,5 — 2 //), at their apices clavatel^' incrassate and 

 distinctly constrictedly septate, most frequently unbranched, occasionally 

 with short lateral branches. Asci clavate, 50 — 55,« long, 20 — 22 /< thick. 

 Spores obliquely biseriate, straight or slightly fabiform, ellipsoidical with 

 distant focuses, only imperceptibly constricted at the septum. Cell-wall 

 thick, cell-rooms small, usually in the shape of two cones with concurrent 

 apexes, occasionally irregularly angular. Asci normally octosporous, spores 

 17 — ■22,11 long, 8 — 9,5 /< thick. Tetrasporous asci are very rare, with 

 long spores: 24 — 27/« long, 8 — 11 /< thick. 



Pycnides are not rare, but fertile ones were searched for in vain. 



