50 



BERNT LYNGE. M.-N. Kl. 



Ex S i C. Claudel et Harmand Lieh. Gall, praecip. 492. Floerke 

 Deutsche Flechten 172. Fries Lieh. Suec. 76 (approaches f. angustata). 

 FuNCK Cr3'pt. Gew. ed. II, iio. Havaas Lieh. Norv. 107 (narrow laci- 

 niae, approaches f. angustata). Hepp Flechten Europas 874 (with good 

 drawing of spores). Leighton Lieh. Brit. 49. Migula Kryptogamen 13. 

 NoRRLiNN et Nylander 212. Rabenhorst Lieh. Eur. 96. Stenhammar 

 Lieh. Suec. 72. 



Thallus moderate or large, orbicular, diam. up to 12 — 13 cm., firm, 

 closely appressed. Rhizinae black, long, penicillately branched or furcate. 

 Laeiniae plane and smooth, elongate, narrow: ca. i mm. broad, rounded, 

 truncate or emarginate and widened at their ends, otherwise equally broad. 

 Laeiniae contiguous or (usually closely) imbricate, multifido-laeiniate 

 or repeatedly di-or trichotomously divided wnth acute angles. The central 

 part of the thallus frequently sprinkled with or even covered b}' numerous 

 short, undivided or slightly branched narrowly fixed, secondar}' laeiniae. 

 Thallus opaque, without isidia or soredia, but more or less albo-prui- 

 n o s e, especiall}' at the circumference, and on the secondary laeiniae, 

 sometimes on the whole thallus. The colour from greyish, brown 

 to nut-brown, sometimes with a tinge of lilac, moistened apple- 

 green, under side black. 



Thallus covered with a colourless, amorphous stratum of varying 

 thickness, which later breaks up and forms the pruina. Cortex at the 

 surface yellowish-brown, otherwise uncoloured, 40 — 80 u thick, cortical 

 hyphae 5 — 7 u thick, distinctly septate, not pleetenehymatous, of indeter- 

 minate direction, but many of them more or less perpendicular to the sur- 

 face, at least at the exterior part. Cortical hyphae sometimes growing out 

 as hair-like, pellucid emergences. Gonidia glomerate in a continuous 

 stratum of varying distance from the surface, at times very near it. Me- 

 dulla white, 130 — 190// thick; its h3-phae 3 — 5/« thick, loosely interlaced, 

 more or less parallel to the surface, and gradually transformed into the 

 lower cortex. Lower cortex in the inner part uncoloured, otherwise black 

 or brownish-black, 30 — 50 (80) a thick. 



Apothecia numerous, usually scattered and rounded, diam. 3 — 5 mm., 

 or crowded and angular, owing to mutual pressure. Margin thick, persi- 

 stent, entire or more frequently erenate or more or less crowned 

 by thalline lacinuli. Receptacle rugose, black around the centre, 

 otherwise yellowish-grey, without rhizinae. Cortex from 20 (margin) to 

 200 (centre)/« thick, exterior central part black, otherwise almost uncolou- 

 red. Hyphae thick, perpendicular to the surface with small interstices. 

 Gonidia crowded in the margin, numerous within the thin cortical stratum, 



