M. Roulin oil Domestic Animals. 827 



into three principal chains; so that, in the space of a few 

 leagues, the same animals may be examined, some living in a 

 mean temperature of 56^^ F. (10° cent.), and others in one of 

 77° F. (25°) or 86° (30°). 



The quadrupeds which have been transported from the Old 

 to the New Continent are, the hog, the horse, the ass, the sheep, 

 the goat, the cow, the dog, and the cat. 



The first hogs were carried to America by Columbus, and 

 established in the Island of St Domingo the year following its 

 discovery, in November 1493. In the succeeding years they 

 were carried successively to all the places where the Spaniards 

 had a mind to settle ; and, in the space of half a century, they 

 were found estabUshed hi the New World, from the latitude of 

 25° north, to the 40th degree of south latitude. They nowhere 

 seemed to suffer from the change of climate; and, from the 

 commencement, propagated with the same facility as in Europe. 

 Most of the hogs that are consumed in New Grenada come 

 from the warm valleys, where they are reared in great quanti- 

 ties, as their food costs little there, and in certain seasons is al- 

 most entirely composed of wild fruits, and especially of those of 

 different species of palms. 



Wandering all day in the woods, this animal has lost nearly 

 all the marks of servitude : its ears have become erect, its head 

 broadened, and raised at the upper part, and its colour has been 

 rendered permanent. In the adults, the colour is entirely black, 

 but the young have yellowish lines on a dark ground. Such are 

 the hogs that are brought to Bogota from the valleys of To- 

 cayma, Cunday, Melgar, &c. Their hair is thin, and they pre- 

 sent the appearance of a wild boar of the same age (from twelve 

 to eighteen months). 



The wild boar itself may undergo this alteration ; and very 

 recently I have had occasion of observing it in France, on a 

 farm near Fougeres, where seven or eight of these animals were 

 reared. One of them, about two years old, was fed in the sta- 

 ble from the commencement of spring, in order to be fattened 

 for killing. Although it was not a prisoner in this place, the 

 food which it constantly found there kept it from going out for 

 two months. Its hair, from the effect of the heat, had almost 

 entirely fallen off, and it presented the most perfect resemblance 

 to the Melgar hogs, which 1 have just described, only that two 



