328 M. Roulin on Domestic Animals: 



longitudinal grooves on the sides of the muzzle were more 

 strongly marked, and gave it a more ferocious aspect. On the 

 other hand, the hog of the Pof-amos, that is to say, of the 

 mountains which have an elevation of more than 2500 yards, 

 assumes much of the aspect of the wild boar of our forests, 

 from the thickness of its hair, which becomes curled, and in 

 some individuals even presents a kind of wool on the under 

 parts. The hog which is found in these places, however, is 

 small and dwarfish, in consequence of the deficiency of food, and 

 the continued action of an excessive cold. 



In some warm parts, the hog is not black, like that which I 

 have described above, but red like the Pecari, in its early age. 

 At Melgar itself, and in the other places which I have men- 

 tioned, the hog is not always entirely black, some being found 

 which are called Cinchados, from their having, under the belly, 

 a broad white band, which commonly extends on either side to 

 the back, so as to meet there, sometimes becoming narrower, 

 and sometimes retaining the same bi-eadth. 



The young individuals in this variety have the same mark- 

 ings as in those which are entirely black. 



The only hogs that are seen in Columbia, resembling those of 

 France, have been imported only twenty years ago. They do 

 not, however, come from Europe, but from the United States of 

 America. It is right to observe, that, in the neighbourhood of 

 New York, where this race has existed for a long time, it had a 

 climate very like our own, and was, as among us, the object of 

 the constant care of its masters. 



The establishment of black cattle in America dates, like that 

 of hofs, from Columbus's second voyage to St Domingo. They 

 there multiplied rapidly ; and that island presently became a 

 kind of nursery from which these animals were successively 

 transported to various parts of the continental coast, and from 

 thence carried into the interior. Notwithstanding these numer- 

 ous exportations, in twenty-seven years after the discovery of 

 the island, herds of 4000 head, as we learn from Oviedo, were 

 not uncommon, and there were even some that amounted to 

 8000. In 1587, the number of hides exported from St Do- 

 mingo alone, according to Acosta's report, was 35,444 ; and, in 

 the same vear, there were exported (j4,350, from the ports of 



