O PROCEEDrNGS OF THE MALACOLOOICAL SOCIETY. 



the animal of Daudehardia Novoscelmidica, shews its affinities are 

 with Pari/phanta, altliough shig-like in form ; he also points out 

 how it (litters from the European genus Testacella, and he has rightly 

 constituted a new genus, Schizoglossa, for its reception. In the form 

 of the buccal mass this new sub-genus shews best the close relationship 

 which it has with Paryphanta, both in the rounded form of the basal 

 end and in the unification of the salivary glands (Fig. 5), neither of 

 which characters arc to be seen in Testacella haUotidea (from Gloucester- 

 shire), which I have examined. For in this latter species the 

 buccal mass (Fig. 14) is cylindrical elongate and pointed, merging 

 into the strong muscles that are attached to the apex of the little 

 sub-spiral shell (Fig. 15) ; while the salivary glands are quite separate 

 from one another and lie on either side of the oesophagus. 



In the generative organs (Fig. IG) we find this difference. The 

 vas deferens in Testacella joins the male organ near the attachment of 

 the retractor muscle at the posterior end, whereas in Farypliania and 

 Schizoglossa it is peculiarly short and joins the male organ very low 

 down just above the generative aperture (Figs. 10, 11). Mr. HecUey 

 well expresses it thus : ^ " Their external appearance is quite sug- 

 gestive of the European carnivores Daudehardia and Testacella; the 

 rmlimentary shell qiuuntly perched on the creature's tail, the auriform 

 shape of that shell and the aculeate teeth of the radula all combine to 

 present a strong, but I am persuaded a superficial and misleading 

 likeness to their antipodean representatives. Closer examination 

 detects differences in every detail." The exact position of the point 

 of attachment to the epidermal envelope of the retractor muscles of 

 such organs as the eye, generative organs, etc., is, I consider, 

 of very great importance when studying the differences between 

 generic groups, being an internal character less liable to change 

 than other external ones. I may mention here that in Testacella the 

 right eye tentacle has its retractor muscle situated on the base of 

 the foot near the right posterior margin, while that of the left eye 

 tentacle is attached to the upper surface of the body cavity on the 

 left hand side, just in front of tlie margin of the vshell. 



There is one New Zealand species, however, which does require 

 a closer and more detailed examination, and that is Testacella ragans, 

 so that it may be compared in all its organs Avith Testacella of the 

 Northern Hemisphere. The teeth of the radula are shown by 

 Hutton to be barbed at the tip, and the centrals are small, in which 

 respect they resemble the European species, as also in the divided foot, 

 but the mantle parted into numerous lobes is a departure. I hope 

 Mr. Hedley will be able to get hold of this species and give us a good 

 account of it. The three Nearctic genera of the section Agnatha, 

 viz., Paryphanta, JElea and Schizoglossa, I would propose placing in a 

 sub-family under the title of Pakyphantin^, Schizoglossa bearing the 

 same relationship to Paryphanta as Girasia, Grey, does to Macrochlamys 

 among the Zonitidce. Whether the development has been from the 



i.e. p. 388. 



