186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



of the valuable work which Good.sir had already accomplished. On 

 the 28th June a dredge was sunk to the then enormous (loptli of 300 

 fathoms and brou<i;ht up many hijthly interesting forms of living 

 JMollusfa, such as Fushs, 'TurriteUa, Venus, Dentalium, etc. 



Captain (afterwards Admiral) Spratt, 11. N , did excellent service to 

 marine zoology during his surveying operations in the ^geaii Sea 

 (1841-46) and in tlie Mediterranean also. In 1846 he dredged in 310 

 fathonis, forty miles to the east of Malta, and found abundance of 

 animal life, including eight species of Mollusca. 



In 1850 Michael ISars and his son, Gr. 0. Sars, the Norwegian 

 Naturalists, dredged to a depth of 450 fathoms and found abundance 

 of life, and the descriptions of their collections have been published 

 in a very admirable manner by their Government (Christiania, 1865 

 and 1809). 



Brooke's U.S. Naval Survey of the Coasts of America, 1854, intro- 

 duced several new methods of accui'ate deep-sea sounding and dredging. 

 A few years later his sounding-machine was moditied and improved 

 by Commander Dayman, of the United States Navy. 



In 1857 Mr. 11^ MacAndrew, F.R.S., in his yacht, the "Naiad," 

 accompanied by my brother, Dr. S. P. Woodward, and by Mr. Lucas 

 EaiTett, dredged along the coasts of Spain and Portugal, and made a 

 special examination of the marine fauna of Vigo Bay. Here they 

 obtained besides several new species of Synapta many interesting 

 Mollusca, including numerous living examples of Chrysodomus con- 

 tniriiis, so abundant as a fossil in our Ked Crag of Suffolk. The 

 results of their dredgings were published in the " Proceedings of the 

 Zoological Society" for 1858, and elsewhere. 



In 1860 I had the advantage of accompanying Mr. R. MacAndrew 

 on a dredging expedition to Gibraltar and Malaga, where we obtained 

 many interesting forms. Again, in 1863 I accompanied Mr. MacAndrew 

 to Bilbao, Santander, and Coruna, and carried on di-edgings with him 

 in Coruna Bay and Ferrol.' 



The voyage of the "Bulldog" in 1860, under Sir Leopold M'Clintock, 

 is especially noteworthy amongst the cruises of siu'veying ships. 

 Surgeon -Major Dr. G. C. Wallich, the Naturalist who accompanied 

 the expedition, records that on one occasion a depth of 1260 fatlioms 

 was indicated, and that ho obtained proof beyond (piestion of the 

 existence of highly organised animal life at these great depths. ■ 



During Dr. Otto Torrell's expedition to Spitzbergen, in 1864, a 

 great number of li^-ing creatures were taken at a depth of 1000 to 

 1400 fathoms, in the Maclean nets. 



In 1867 Count L. F. de Pourtalcs, in the U.S. Coast Survey steamer 

 " Corwen," dredged to a depth of 850 fathoms, on the margin of the 

 Gulf Stream, and the following year in the "Bibb" dredged success- 

 fully in the same place in 510 fathoms, finding animal life exceedingly 

 abundant. 



In 1868 Sir Wyville Thomson and Dr. Carpenter, dredging from 



1 Ann. and Mag. Nut. Hist. xiv. 1864, pp. 232-5. 



