NOTES ON HOLOCENE MOLLUSCA FROM NORTH CORNWALL. 
By the Rey. R. Asutyeton Butten, B.A., F.L.S., ete. 
Read 11th April, 1902. 
Haztyn Bay is situated about two and a half miles to the north-west 
of Padstow, and the mollusca mentioned in this communication are 
partly from the prehistoric burial-ground discovered there in August, 
1900, and partly from neighbouring localities near Constantine Bay. 
The graves at Harlyn Bay were covered with bright blown shell-sand 
of ancient date, there being a well-developed top-soil from a foot to 
a foot and a half in depth, covered with a strong growth of grass. 
Since only surface-finds (within plough depth) of Roman coins have 
been made in this and other Cornish localities, the blown sand is of 
pre-Roman date. This blown sand was from 3 to 15 feet in depth 
over the graves, the lower measurement representing the foot of the 
old grass slope. 
The Royal Institution of Cornwall undertook the excavation, and 
removed about 2,000 tons of sand from the site in 1900. Their main 
object, however, was to discover the age of the interments by securing 
human skulls and other bones and also any objects of metal. The 
graves are in tiers in places, and in the lowest graves no objects of 
metal have been found, so that the earlier interments seem to belong 
to men of ‘Neolithic’ culture, the later and upper graves having 
yielded objects in bronze (fibule of the La Téne type) and iron. 
These latter are very scarce. The mollusca occurred under and in 
the graves and in kitchen-middens to the south of the interments, 
according to the following lists :— 
I. Hartyn Bay (pre-Roman) Burrat-crounD. 
A. Under the Grave-level (in clayey sand). 
Marine :—Patella vulgata, Linn. 
Non-Manrine :—Hygromia granulata (Ald.), H. montivaga (West.), 
Vallonia pulchella (Miill.), Helix nemoralis, Linn., Cochlicopa lubrica 
(Miull.), Pomatias reflexus (Linn.). 
B. Grave-level (under upper rubble-layer). 
Marre : — Purpura lapillus (Linn.), Littorina obtusata (Linn.), 
Monodonta crassa (Mont.), Patella vulgata, Linn., Helcion pellucidum 
(Linn.), Mytilus edulis, Linn. 
Tools fashioned from Patella and Mytilus. Also sepiostaire from 
Sepia officinalis, Linn., in some graves. 
