127 



category; that 1,781, or 55, ö /= , belonged to 9 2, and 238, or 7,4 % 

 to 9 3. 



We have thus arrived at the following results: 



1) The 9-ii^dividiials are more common t han the j^-indi- 

 viduals. This agrees with the condition of things usual in the 

 case of the dicHnous species of plants. But, on the other hand, 

 it is in contradiction to Wolfs supposition (page 56), that the 

 androdynamical bushes constitute the niajority. 



2) Both the study of the morphology of the llowers and the sta- 

 tistical examinations point to the fact that strongly confirmed rj- 

 flowers and less strongl}' contirmed ^-ilo^^^ers are far more common 

 than less strongly confirmed cT-flowers and strongly confirmed Q- 

 flowers, and that, of these two latter, the less strongly confirmed 

 cf-flowers are the scarcest. The Öland-species is perfectly 

 dioecious, though the flowers have not yet got rid of the 

 rudiments of the suppressed sex. With respect to the rednc- 

 tion of these rudiments, however, the Q-sex has come further than 

 the (/-sex; the cT-Aowers have become more specialized than the 

 9-flowers. 



The size of the flowers varies greatly, both as regards various 

 bushes and also as regards the different flowers on the same bush. 



On measuring 500 flowers from 112 cT-bushes, and 500 flowers 

 from 98 9"bushes 1 found as follows: the size of the cf-flowers 

 varied between 10 to 35 millimetres, and that of the 9"flo^^'6rs 

 between 10 to 33 millimet.; of the cf-Aowers, 74 measured 22 milli- 

 metres, and of the 9-flowers, 72 were 20 millimet.; the average size 

 of the cf-flowers was 21,43 millimet., and that of the 9-flowers 19,61 

 millimet. 



This difference in the average size of the cT- and 9■flo^vers can 

 be regarded as a secondary sexual characteristic, in so far as it is 

 clearly shown by a statistical examination. In this respect P. fru- 

 ticosa agrees with the declinous plants in general. However, this 

 character is not clearly visible if we merely look at a colony of 

 P. friiticosa, as we then see both large and small flowers of the 

 same séx mingled together. 



In order to exemplify the variation in the size of the flowers on 

 the same bush I may mention, that in some cases 1 found the 

 diff^erence between the largest and the smallest flowers in the same 

 individual to amount to 9, 10 or 11 millimet., in one case this 



