in the Alps and the Carpathians. 181 



limestone ; that, at Koscielisko, where it lies, as in the Alps, 

 conformably upon Alpine limestone, it contains nummulites, so 

 that we are inclined to place it under the greensand, which, 

 in fact, covers it in many places, and even under that other 

 subdivision of the greensand deposite, which we described in 

 the Alps, and which reappears with many of the same charac- 

 ters in the Carpathian chain It would thus, then, probably 

 prove to be contemporaneous with the uppermost divisions of 

 the Enghsh Jura, viz. Purbeck hmestone and Kimmeridge 

 clay ? and with those alternations of nummulite and compact 

 limestone, with the sandstone containing fucoides, in Istria and 

 Dalmatia. Whether I be right or wrong, the fact still remains 

 of its lying upon alpine limestone, as well in the Alps as in the 

 Carpathians; for the limestone of the Alps continues from 

 Haimburg and Thelen, through Jablonitz, Neustadt, Trents- 

 chin, Silein, Bela, Tishora, to Kosciehsko and Zakopane, in the 

 Tatra, and terminates there to the eastward of this crystalline 

 groupe. In the limestone chain of the Tatra, I observed the lime- 

 stone lying upon the red sandstone, which is separated from the 

 limestone by a breccia containing belemnites, terebratulites, &c. ; 

 the same subdivision into two limestones separated by a marly 

 sandstone, containing fucoides ; but the whole deposite is by no 

 means so thick as in the Alps. Upon this limestone our proble- 

 matical sandstone lies ; and above its upper limestone beds there 

 occur only the conglomerate, nummulite limestone, and a grey 

 sandstone, without fucoides, which we saw in the Alps. The sec- 

 tion from Koscielisko to Neumarkt is very excellent, every bed 

 nearly is seen, and there is no derangement of the stratification ; 

 it is the equivalent, as M. Lill says, to that in the Alps between 

 Werfen and Teisendorf, which is the best in the whole Alpine 

 chain. 



The Carpathian chain appears to be so constituted, that our 

 greyish sandstone lies on the south side upon the Carpathian 

 Jura limestone, our presumed Jura limestone ; while, on the 

 north side, it lies on the decided Jura limestone of Poland. In 

 the middle the limestone forms basin-shaped cavities, filled up 

 by rocks like those of Gossau, and the true chloritic greensand, 

 followed by the lowermost hard chalk, or Planer limestone, with 

 fishes, iiiociiinncs, &c. and vcgctabk- remains. A great part of 



