364< Preparation of Milk used by the Kulmack Tartars. 



tie, and boiled for some time, after which there is added a little 

 sour milk cream (areyn.) It is then withdrawn and allowed to 

 stand until it sours, which does not require a whole day. This 

 milk is then beaten with a kind of butter stick, and poured into 

 an earthen pot or other vessel, when the decomposed butter 

 comes to the surface, and is placed in vessels, skins, or dried 

 stomachs, in which it is kept. If tlie milk still seems to con- 

 tain fat, it is again treated in the same manner. This milk is 

 called tossoun by the Kalmucks, and oercerna by the Tartars *. 



Analyses of Limestones Jrom the Quarries belonging to the 

 Earl of Elgin, near Charlestown, in Fifeshire. By A. Ro- 

 bertson junior, Inverkeithing. Communicated by the 

 Author. 



A HESE limestones were taken from three different strata of the 

 vast deposite of mountain limestone, which is so extensively 

 quarried in the neighbourhood of Charlestown. As this lime- 

 stone is extensively used for building and the purposes of agri- 

 culture, and, besides, belongs to an interesting formation, I con- 

 ceived that a chemical analysis of its principal varieties would 

 prove acceptable not only in an economical, but also in a geolo- 

 gical view. 



A full detail of the modes of analysis was sent to Professor 

 Jameson ; but, as the processes contained nothing further than 

 an accurate employment of the most improved methods, I do not 

 consider it necessary to lay them before the public. 



1. Limestone of a grey colour, withjbliated structure. 



At the instant when broken, a very peculiar and disagreeable 

 odour arises from the fresh fracture, which, however, is dissipa- 

 ted in a few seconds. It afforded the following constituent 

 parts : — 



Carbonic Acid, 41 -2 ; Lime, 50-2 ; Magnesia, 1-44 ; Alu- 

 mina, 1-25; Silica, 5-BQ\ Iron, 0-28; INIanganese, a trace; 

 Carbon, 0*13 ; Naphtha, a trace ; = 10006. 



" This article is drawn up from a MS. of the late Professor Pallas, of 

 which an account is given in the ninth cahier of the Memoirs of the " Museum 

 d'Histoire Naturelle." 



