the names of' Leviathan and Behemoth. 279 



animals. Colonel Hamilton Smith says of a caste of herdsmen 

 in India, " they ride on their favourites, (buffaloes), and spend 

 the night with them in the midst of jungles and forests, without 

 fear of wild beasts," (Griffith's Cuvier, vol. iv. p. 394). A com- 

 bat between a buffalo and a tiger is a common sport at some of 

 the native Indian courts; and such a combat, seen by himself, 

 has been very graphically described by Sir Basil Hall, in his 

 delightful " Fragments ;" where the tiger, when brought into 

 the presence of the buffalo, manifested, by his motions of fear, 

 an instinctive feeling, that he was not a match for his adver- 

 sary. 



\^th, The Buffaloes, while at times they feed on the moun- 

 tains, delight also in the jungle, and shade of trees, and to wal- 

 low in the mud, and even to bury themselves in it up to the 

 eyes. 



13M, They take the water without fear, and even it appears 

 resort to the streams for pastime or food. Of the Cape buffa- 

 loes, Colonel Hamilton Smith says, they " swim with o-ieat 

 force," (Griffith's Cuvier, vol. iv. p. 386). He says also of the 

 common arnee of India, " These live gregariously in woody 

 swamps or plains, occasionally floating in whole droves down 

 the Ganges. They are said to plunge under water, and raise 

 aquatic plants with their horn to the surface, where they feed on 

 them, while driving with the stream." (Id. vol. iv. p. 391). 



14^/*, The domesticated oxen and buffaloes are secured, in the 

 East, and have probably been so from the earliest times, by a 

 ring or rod passed through the gristle of the nose, — an effective 

 method of guiding the animals, which is becoming common in 

 managing our own bulls and oxen. By the obvious reference 

 to this practice in respect of the domesticated races in Job, we 

 may infer that the Behemoth was of a similar race ; though from 

 his size or ferocity, unmanageable by similar means. The case 

 is very different here from what it was in respect of Leviathan, 

 who is represented in Job as not to be captured by a hook ; for 

 there the allusion is not to any means of capturing a similar ani- 

 mal, but obviously to the fisherman's hook. 



The characters of Behemoth are thus, in every respect, those 

 of the Bovine genus, if we can find among the latter a species of 

 size and ferocity which render it untamoablc by mar. Such a 



