mid Orn'dhologkal Biography. 135 



ihe Carolina Titmouse, and the Wood Wren. Of birds new 

 to the United States, but previously known, there are six, 

 viz. the Key West and Blue-headed Pigeons, Columba vion- 

 tana and C. cyanocephala ; the Caracara Eagle or Brazilian 

 Kite, Polyburus vulgaris ; the Mangrove Cuckoo, Cuccyzus Se- 

 niculus ; the Pipiry Flycatcher, Muscicapa dotiiinicensis ; the 

 Hudson's Bay Titmouse, Parus Hiidsonicus ; and the Mango 

 Humming-Bird, Trochilus Mango. The American Crow, Co?- 

 vus americanus, has been satisfactorily distinguished from the 

 carrion crow of Europe, with which it was previously confound- 

 ed ; the American Golden-crested Wren, which most authors 

 have considered the same as Regidus cristatus of Europe, but 

 which Nuttall has distinguished under the rather inapt name of 

 R. tricolor., and Sir W. Jardine, under the strange one of Re- 

 gidus reguloides (the liegulus-like Regulus), has also been clear- 

 ly shewn to be distinct. On the other hand, Sylvia Palmaruvi 

 of Bonaparte has been found to be Sylvia petechia in a particulai' 

 state of plumage; Fcdco niger of Wilson to be the old bird of 

 Falco lagopus ; the American Crossbill of the same author and 

 others, to be in no respect different from that of Europe, al- 

 though Mr Audubon differs from Temminck and most orni- 

 thologists, in considering the red plumage to be that of the adult 

 male ; and the great Northern Shrike, Lanius borealis, to be in 

 all respects the Lanius Excubitor. No specific differences, he 

 says, can be pointed out between the American Barn Swallow, 

 Hirundo r^ifa, and the Chimney Swallow of Europe, H. rmtica ; 

 or between the American Barn Owl, and that of the latter con- 

 tinent, although several remarkable circumstances are mentioned 

 with respect to the former, especially its breeding at all seasons, 

 in the southern states at least. 



The above results are those most easily pointed out in a no- 

 tice like the present ; but there are others not much less import- 

 ant, which it would be tedious to specify, and to estimate the 

 value of which, we must not only read the work, but compare it 

 with those of A. Wilson, Bonaparte, and Nuttall. Of these, the 

 habits of the Boat-tailed Grakle, Quiscalus major, may be point- 

 ed out as among the most remarkable, the males deserting the 

 females immediately after incubation commences, and not joining 

 them again until the young and their mothers have come abroad 



