and Spottting' Fountams. 23T 



The deepest fountain in the department of Pas-de-Calais is 

 situated between Bethune and Aire. Its waters project seven 

 feet above the ground, and come from a depth of 461 feet. 



The artesian well which affords such an abundant supply in 

 the cavalry barracks of Tours, is fed by a body of water which 

 M. Degousee found at the depth of 259 feet. The water of 

 another well, which was finished in 1834, in the silk manufac- 

 tory of M. Champoiseau, springs from a depth of 273 feet. 



Concerning the Daily Issues from some of the principal Fountains.* 



Belidor has already mentioned, in his Science de ringenieur, 

 a fountain which is situated in the monastery of Saint Andre, a 

 couple of miles from Aire in Artois, the waters of which rise to 

 the height of eleven feet above the ground-floors, and which . 

 furnishes nearly two tons of water per minute. 



The well which Messrs Fabre and Esperiquette have sunk, 

 at Bages, near to Perpignan, in the property of M. Duvand, 

 supplies 333 gallons per minute. 



The well which M. Degousee has sunk in the cavalry bar- 

 racks at Tours, measured at six feet above the ground, furnishes 

 237 gallons per minute. 



Of the many wells which exist in England, the one whence, 



" Near Orleans, there is a very abundant spring known under the name 

 of Bouillon or Soured of the Loiref, and which I think ought to be considered as a 

 natural projecting fountain. During the drought of the year 1 801, one of the 

 worst of which the annals of meteorology has preserved the remembrancey 

 the Bouillon nevertheless, according to the measurement of M. de Tristan, 

 yielded 7it3 gallons per minute. It has been very generally thought, that 

 we Qiust go to the Sologne to seek for the origin of the water supplied by the 

 Bouillon and some other neighbouring streams; but M. de Tristan has com- 

 bated this opinion with unanswerable arguments. He has also shewn that 

 the overflowings of the spring coincide with those of the Loire, even when 

 hs increase, as in 1800, is produced, at the end of spring, not by rains, but by 

 a sudden melting of the snow which covers the mountains of central France. 

 There can be little doubt, therefore, that there is a subterranean communi- 

 cation betwixt the Loire and the Bouillon. It is true that the water of the 

 Bouillon does not appear troubled, tiU a day or two after the rise is seen on' 

 the river. But this is not to be wondered at. The entrance of the subter- 

 ranean channels must, in some degree, act as filters. The sensible variations 

 of temperature also, which the water of this spring experiences in the diffe- 

 rent seasons of the year, shew that the channels through which it flows are 

 far from being very deep. 



VOL. XVIII. NO. XXXVI. APRir. 1835. It 



